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Greiner W., Muller B., Rafelski J. — Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields
Greiner W., Muller B., Rafelski J. — Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields



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Íàçâàíèå: Quantum electrodynamics of strong fields

Àâòîðû: Greiner W., Muller B., Rafelski J.

Àííîòàöèÿ:

The fundamental goal of physics is an understanding of the forces of nature in their simplest and most general terms. Yet there is much more involved than just a basic set of equations which eventually has to be solved when applied to specific problems. We have learned in recent years that the structure of the ground state of field theories (with which we are generally concerned) plays an equally funda- fundamental role as the equations of motion themselves. Heisenberg was probably the first to recognize that the ground state, the vacuum, could acquire certain properties (quantum numbers) when he devised a theory of ferromagnetism. Since then, many more such examples are known in solid state physics, e. g. superconductivity, superfluidity, in fact all problems concerned with phase transitions of many-body systems, which are often summarized under the name synergetics.


ßçûê: en

Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà/

Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö

ed2k: ed2k stats

Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1985

Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 594

Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 27.11.2005

Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ññûëêó äëÿ ôîðóìà | Ñêîïèðîâàòü ID
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
Landau ghost      308
Langer correction      458
Levinson's phase shift theorem      250
Life time, excited nuclear states      350
Life time, giant nuclear molecules      383
Life time, primary K vacancies      350
Life time, supercritical resonance      318 (see also “Decay time”)
Logarithmic phase shift      250 (see also “Phase shift”)
Loops      see “Diagrams”
Lorentz covariance      39 (see also “Covariance of the Dirac equation”)
Lorentz force      225 525
Lorentz spinor      43
Lorentz transformation      39 47
Magnetic vacuum of QCD      534—540
Mass asymmetry      325
Mass renormalization      437—438 (see also “Renormalization”)
Mass shell      366
Mass transfer      330 (see also “Deep inelastic collision”)
Metric tensor      550
Minimal coupling      540—541; see “Coupling MIT bag model”
Mixing between bound state and negative energy continuum      125
Model of the vacuum, QCD      534—535
Model of the vacuum, QED      94 (see also “Dirac's hole theory”)
Modes of a giant nuclear molecule      382
Modified approximation      310—311 342
Multilevel Breit — Wigner distribution      145
Multiparticle state      493 (see also “Fock space”)
Multiple-scattering amplitudes      118
Multiple-scattering series      see “Born series”
Multipolarity      362—363 376
Multipolarity of nuclear transition      362 377
Multipole expansion of the two-centre potential      307 310 341
Muonic atoms, energy-level shift      413
Narrow resonance approximation      131 262
Neutral vacuum      see “Vacuum”
Noether's theorem      197 (see also “Conservation laws”)
Non-Abelian gauge theories      see “Yang — Mills fields”
Non-crossing theorem      305
Non-linear effects in Heavy ion collision      366—367
Non-linear interaction terms      524—525
Nonrelativistic Green's functions      174—177
Nonrelativistic Green's functions, advanced      175
Nonrelativistic Green's functions, free      176
Nonrelativistic Green's functions, integral equation      177
Nonrelativistic Green's functions, retarded      175
Nonrelativistic limit of the Dirac equation      36—38; see “Pauli equation”
Normal ordered Dirac Hamiltonian      220 432
Nuclear contact      330 (see also “Deep inelastic collision”)
Nuclear contact time      330 331 334
Nuclear molecular      303 (see also “Giant nuclear molecule”)
Nuclear relative motion      323
Nuclear scattering matrix      337—338
Nuclear sticking      9 370
Nuclear time delay      9 335—339 383
Number operator      see “Operator”
Occupation amplitudes      317
Occupation amplitudes, coupled channel equations      316—317
Operator      see also “Generating operator”
Operator, angular momentum      224
Operator, boson number      494
Operator, charge      3 226 231
Operator, charge conjugation      228
Operator, charge density      see “Current density operator”
Operator, current density      229
Operator, electron number      217
Operator, helicity      33
Operator, kinetic energy      72
Operator, momentum      31 224
Operator, parity transformation      230
Operator, positron number      220
Operator, spin      33
Operator, time-ordering      209 236
Operator, time-reversal      109 230
Operator, translation      324
Oscillations in positron spectra      386—387 (see also “Positron spectrum”)
Overcritical continuum      136 149
Overcritical giant molecule      146
Overcritical point nucleus      154—158 164—166
Overcritical potential      64
Pair annihilation      94 191—192
Pair conversion      see “Conversion”
Pair creation      191 542 547 557
Parity invariance      see “Invariance”
Parity of states      see “Energy solutions”
Parity operator      see “Operator”
Parity transformation      see “Invariance”
Pauli equation      38
Pauli matrices      29 479
Pauli principle      5 213
Penetration factor      117
Perturbative vacuum      see “Vacuum”
Phase shift      65 78 127 159 247
Phase shift analysis      246
Phase shift, logarithmic      158
Phase shift, physical scattering      159—160
Phase transition of QED      5 231—335
Photon polarizations      437
Photon propagator      431 433 441
Photon splitting      291
Pion condensation      20—22 (see also “Condensation”)
Planck length      466
Plane-wave decomposition, Feynman propagator      188
Plane-wave normalization, Dirac field      32
Plane-wave normalization, Klein — Gordon field      481—483
Plane-wave solutions, Dirac equation      34
Plane-wave solutions, Klein — Gordon equation      482
Poincare group      221
Poincare Invariance      see “Invariance”
Poincare — Bertrand formula      168
Poisson bracket      198
Polarizability function      140
Polarization function      242 397 402—409 526
Polarization function, imaginary part      407
Polarization function, real part      407
Polarization function, renormalized      402
Positron creation in heavy-ion collisions, due to conversion      362
Positron creation in heavy-ion collisions, dynamical      see “Positron creation in heavy-ion collisions dynamical induced”
Positron creation in heavy-ion collisions, induced      272 320 366
Positron creation in heavy-ion collisions, spontaneous      136 233 371—374
Positron escape width      136
Positron scattering      192
Positron spectrometers      356—361
Positron spectrometers, "Orange"      357
Positron spectrometers, EPOS      359
Positron spectrometers, TORI      361
Positron spectrum      335 337 365 368 372—373 380 384
Potential resonance      61
Potential, critical      123
Potential, overcritical      122—123
Potential, subcritical      122
Potential, supercritical      see “Potential overcritical”
Projected basis      275
Projected Dirac Hamiltonian      126 267
Projection formalism      264—273
Projection operators      266
Proper time      284
Quantization      212 476 484
Quantization of the Dirac field      213—218
Quantization of the Klein — Gordon field      484—495
Quantization of the supercritical electron-positron field      270
Quantum chromodynamics (QCD)      520
Quark colour      521
Quark flavour      520
Quark pair production, spontaneous      540—549
quark-gluon plasma      540
Quarks      520
Quasi particle representation      486
Quasi-atomic state      302
Quasi-bound state      315—316
Quasi-stable dinuclear system      331 (see also “Giant nuclear molecule”)
Quasiatom      302 370
Radial coupling      341
Radial coupling, matrix elements      342—343
Raman line      387
Real vacuum polarization      see “Vacuum polarization”
Red shift      556
Reflection coefficient      116 (see also “Klein's paradox”)
Relativistic Hartree — Fock      434—36
Relativistic scattering theory      188—193
Relativity principle      42
Renormalization charge      399—402
Renormalization external current      401
Renormalization mass      438 (see also “Self-energy”)
Resonance energy      160—161 314 335
Resonance in the negative energy continuum      66 122—123
Resonance scattering      387
Resonance states in supercritical fields      122—174
Resonance wave function      265 (see also “Projection formalism”)
Riemann tensor      551
Rindler space      563—567
Rotational coupling      341—342
Running coupling constant      see “Coupling constant”
Runway effect      307 353
S-matrix elements      252 259(see
S-matrix, non-relativistic      178—180
S-matrix, relativistic      190 (see also “Relativistic scattering theory”)
Scalar coupling      see “Coupling”
Scaling law      see “Delta electrons”
Scattered wave      177 189
Scattering matrix      see “S-matrix”
Scattering operator      205
Scattering phase      67 154
Scattering state      63
Scattering trajectory      328 (see also “Trajectories in Heavy-ion collision”)
Schroedinger picture      274
Schwarzschild field      552 558
Schwarzschild radius      554
Schwinger function      207 216
Schwinger's eigentime method      280
screening      310 321 449 470
Screening function      461—462
Screening of vacuum charge      450 456—467
Screening potential      321
Self-energy      436 440
Self-energy correction      436
Self-energy diagrams      see “Diagrams”
Self-energy level shift      440
Self-energy shift for 1s-electrons      442 445
Semiclassical approximation      327—330 332
Shake off of vacuum polarization      363 367
Shell structure of vacuum charge      457 460
Space inversion      39 52
Spin operator      see “Operator”
Spin-orbit interaction      95
Spinor spherical harmonics      72—73 307
Spinor wavefunction, large and small components      37
Spontaneous coupling      332 (see also “Projection formalism”)
Spontaneous positron creation      62 272 334
Spontaneous positron decay line      9 335—336 380
Spontaneous positron emission      320 378
Spontaneous symmetry breaking      20 223
Spreading width      134
Spurious term      404 424
Stable ground state of QED      see “Vacuum”
Sticking time      9 370
Strong interaction      520 528
Structure constants      523
Structure of the vacuum      see “Vacuum”
Subcritical basis      260 272
Subcritical potential      see “Potential
Superbound pion system      515—519 (see also “Condensation”)
Supercharged vacuum      445—448
Supercritical basis      260 272 274
Supercritical bound state resonance      250 318
Supercritical collision      318 365—388
Supercritical internal conversion      see “Conversion”
Supercritical point charge      448—465
Supercritical vacuum      see “Vacuum”
Supercriticality for colour fields      541 544
Superheavy quasimolecules      9 345
Surface term      215 224
Switching function      325—327
Symmetry of the vacuum state      104 231
Thomas — Fermi model      311 446—448 456
Time delay      9 371
Time inversion      39 107
Time ordering      204
Time-dependent two-centre Dirac equation      315
Time-evolution operator      204—206 269 274
Time-evolution operator, in supercritical potentials      273
Time-reversal operator      see “Operator”
Time-reversal symmetry      104 (see also “Invariance”)
Total ionization cross section      346
Traces of gamma matrices      394—395
Trajectories in Heavy-ion collision      331—333
Transition energy      346 362
Transition energy, electric monopole      362
Translation correction      329
Translation operator      see “Operator”
Transmission coefficient      65
True ground state of QCD      531 534
True vacuum      see “Vacuum”
Two-centre Dirac continuum states      310
Two-centre Dirac equation      13 303—310
Two-centre Dirac Hamiltonian      315
Two-centre potential      304 307
Two-centre Schroedinger equation      304
Two-centre states      304—305
Uehling charge density      242
Uehling potential      see “Vacuum polarization”
Uehling term      242
Uncertainty relation      2
Vacancy creation      350—351 (see also “K vacancy”)
Vacuum action      279 (see also “Vacuum-vacuum amplitude”)
Vacuum charge      6 236—251 242
Vacuum charge distribution      162—164
Vacuum decay time      302 (see also “Decay time”)
Vacuum decay, spontaneous      4 136—137 260-264
Vacuum energy      220 236—351 242
Vacuum polarization      4 95 162—166 181 242 389 526—527
Vacuum polarization charge density      389—431 (see also “Vacuum polarization”)
Vacuum polarization charge density for extended nuclei      426—428
Vacuum polarization charge density for point-like nucleus      426
Vacuum polarization charge density, induced      409 420
Vacuum polarization charge density, real      428—430
Vacuum polarization in subcritical external fields      389—414
Vacuum polarization in supercritical external fields      415—431
Vacuum polarization tensor      395—399 (see also “Polarization function”)
Vacuum polarization, perturbative expansion      389—393
Vacuum state      93 104 230—334 491(see
Vacuum, charged      1 5 136 234
Vacuum, neutral      5 136
Vacuum, perturbative      535
Vacuum, supercritical      244 (see also “Decay”)
Vacuum, true      535
Vacuum-vacuum amplitude      235 279
Vector coupling      see “Coupling”
Vertex      181 526
Vertex renormalization      439
Wave equation      see “Field equation”
WKB approximation      327 456
WKB phase shift      248
WKB solution, Dirac equation      457—461
WKB solution, nuclear motion      327
X-ray spectra      346—349
X-ray spectra, anisotropy      346
X-ray transition      346
X-rays, quasi-molecular      8 346—349
Yang — Mills theories      23 520
Zero-point energy      24 495
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