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Morelos-Zaragoza R.H. — The art of error-correcting coding
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Название: The art of error-correcting coding
Автор: Morelos-Zaragoza R.H.
Аннотация: The Art of Error Correcting Coding provides a comprehensive coverage of the basic techniques of error concealment. It addresses the need for selecting, implementing and simulating algorithms for the encoding and decoding of codes used for error correction and detection. This practical approach uses simple and easy to follow numerical examples to describe the basic concepts of a particular coding or decoding scheme. Basic analysis tools are provided throughout to help in the assessment of the error performance block and convolutional codes of a particular Error Correcting Coding (ECC) scheme for a selection of the basic channel models.
* Provides a complete treatment of important decoding algorithms including errors-and-erasures decoding of BCH and Reed-Solomon codes for any set of consecutive zeros and any length
* Describes Viterbi decoding and the key implementation issues
* Includes soft-output decoding algorithms, MAP, log-MAP, Max-log-MAP, belief propagation and ordered statistics
* Discusses new reliability-based algorithms such as GMD and the Chase algorithm with soft outputs
* Examines turbo codes, both serially and parallel concatenated, as well as low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and their iterative decoders
* Features a companion website providing computer programs written in C language, to help understanding and implementing basic ECC techniques
This volume provides an indispensable tool for understanding and applying ECC techniques in transmission and storage of digital information. Engineers, computer scientists and graduate students alike, will all benefit from such a practical introductory approach.
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Рубрика: Computer science /Теория информации /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 2002
Количество страниц: 221
Добавлена в каталог: 20.11.2005
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Предметный указатель
-ary weight of an integer 46
A-posteriori probability (APP) 122 135
Algebraic geometry codes 61
ARQ 99
Array code 113
Asymptotic coding gain 173 187
Asymptotic coding gain, greater than, with block partitioning 187
Augmented code 104
Automatic repeat request 99
AWGN channel 15 122
AWGN channel, metric, equivalence to changing sign 122
AWGN channel, reliability 129
BCH bound 45
BCH code 44
BCH code, extended 57
BCH code, general decoder 48
BCH code, how to compute weight distribution 57
BCH code, performance AWGN channel 57
BCH code, specified by zeros 45
BCH decoder, Berlekamp — Massey algorithm 47
BCH decoder, Euclidean algorithm 47
BCH decoder, general 48
BCH decoder, Massey algorithm 63
BCH decoder, PGZ algorithm 47
BCJR algorithm 137
BEC channel 55
Belief propagation decoding 162
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm 47 49—52
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm, discrepancy 49
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm, errors-and-erasures, errata evaluator 68
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm, errors-and-erasures, errata locator 68
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm, errors-and-erasures, modified discrepancy 68
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm, errors-and-erasures, modified Forney algorithm 68
Berlekamp — Massey algorithm, errors-and-erasures, modified Forney syndrome 67
Bit error probability, AWGN 2
Block code concept 3
Boolean function 27
Bound, BCH 45
Bound, bit error probability, AWGN channel 57
Bound, Chernoff 19
Bound, Hamming 11
Bound, Hamming, nonbinary case 12
Bound, RS decoder 72
Bound, union, AWGN channel 16
Bound, union, convolutional code 84
Bound, union, multilevel modulation code for UEP 186
Burst error correcting capability 113
Chase algorithm 129
Chase algorithm, soft output 156
Chase algorithm, soft output, correction factor 157
Chase algorithm, soft output, scaling factor 157
Chien search 55
Code, self-dual 7 29
Coded modulation, bit-interleaved (BICM) 189
Coded modulation, main idea 2
Coded modulation, MCM 2 173 180
Coded modulation, MCM, multistage decoding 182
Coded modulation, MCM, parallel decoding 185
Coded modulation, MCM, unequal error protection 183
Coded modulation, Pragmatic TCM, symbol transformation 177
Coded modulation, Pragmatic TCM, two-stage decoding 176
Coded modulation, TCM 2 173 174
Coded modulation, TCM, example modified state diagram 176
Coded modulation, TCM, MLD decoding 175
Coded modulation, turbo trellis(TTCM) 192
Coding gain 2 16
Coding gain, asymptotic 173 187
Complementary error function (erfc) 2
Concatenated code 115
Concatenated coding 2
Conjugate elements 43
Constellation 170
Construction X3 109
Convolutional code 2
Convolutional code, block code obtained from 79
Convolutional code, complete weight enumerator sequence 83
Convolutional code, constraint length 74
Convolutional code, defined 3
Convolutional code, direct-truncation 80
Convolutional code, finite-state machine 73
Convolutional code, generator sequences 75
Convolutional code, polynomial generator matrix 77
Convolutional code, recursive systematic (RSC code) 78
Convolutional code, RSC code 144
Convolutional code, state diagram 74
Convolutional code, tail-biting 80
Convolutional code, union bound over BSC and AWGN channels 84
Convolutional code, weight distribution block codes from 81—84
Convolutional code, weight enumerating sequence 82
Convolutional code, zero-tail code 79
Correlation discrepancy 133
Coset 104
Coset, decomposition 104 109 118
Coset, leader 10
Coset, representative 118 140
CRC code 37
CRC code, popular polynomials 38
Cycle set 43
Cyclic code, defined 33
Cyclic code, encoding by division by g(x) 36
Cyclic code, extended 57
Cyclic code, general decoder 39
Cyclic code, MLS code 37
Cyclic code, RM code 29
Cyclic code, shortened 37
Cyclic code, syndrome decoding, error-trapping 39
Cyclic code, zeros of 34
Cyclic shift 33
Cyclotomic coset 43
Decoding, BCH codes general 48
Decoding, BCJR algorithm 137
Decoding, belief propagation 162
Decoding, Berlekamp — Massey algorithm 47 49—52
Decoding, Chase algorithm 129
Decoding, Chase algorithm, soft output 156
Decoding, Chien search 55
Decoding, Depth 88
Decoding, Euclidean algorithm 47 53—54
Decoding, Forney algorithm for RS codes 62
Decoding, GMD algorithm 132
Decoding, Log-MAP algorithm 139
Decoding, look-up table 10
Decoding, MAP algorithm 137
Decoding, Massey algorithm 63
Decoding, Max-Log-MAP algorithm 140
Decoding, MLD 86 175
Decoding, Modified Forney algorithm 68
Decoding, ordered statistics algorithm 131
Decoding, ordered statistics algorithm, soft-output 140
Decoding, Parallel for multilevel codes 185
Decoding, PGZ algorithm 47 52—53
Decoding, SOVA algorithm 134
Decoding, Sudan algorithm 67 134
Decoding, SW-SOVA algorithm 136
Decoding, two-stage 115 176
Decoding, Viterbi algorithm 85—94
Decoding, with standard array 8
Decomposable code 107 117
Direct-truncation code 80
Discrepancy Berlelamp — Massey algorithm 49
Disjunctive normal form 27
Distance, designed of BCH code 44
Distance, free 79
Distance, Hamming 4
Distance, minimum Hamming 4
Distance, minimum squared Euclidean 173
Distance, squared Euclidean 15
Dual code 6
Dual code of cyclic code 37
Dual code of RM code 28
Dual code, example 7
Encoding, non-systematic 35
Encoding, recursive with parity-check matrix 36
Encoding, systematic 16 35
Encoding, with generator matrix 8
Encoding, with parity-check matrix 8
erasure 55
Erasure correction for binary linear codes 55
Erasure locator polynomial 67
Erasure, value 67
Error bursts 2
Error correcting capability 5
Error correcting code, as subset 4
Error correcting code, defined 3
Error correcting code, minimum Hamming distance 4
Error evaluator polynomial 62
Error locator polynomial 47
Error polynomial 46
Error propagation 186
Error, positions 47
Error, values 47
Euclidean algorithm 47 53—54
Euclidean algorithm, polynomials same up to a constant 66
Euclidean geometry (EG) code 45
Extended code 103
Factoring polynomials in is hard 55
Field 40
Field, Galois 40
Field, Galois, arithmetic 41
Field, Galois, element order 43
Field, Galois, representations 41
Finding factors of 43
Finite geometry 28
Flat Rayleigh fading channel, bound 18
Flat Rayleigh fading channel, model 17
Forney algorithm 62
Fourier transform, BCH decoding with 67
Free distance 79
Gallager code 160
Galois field 40
Generalized concatenated code 117
Generalized concatenated code, array codes 113
Generator matrix 6
Generator polynomial 34
Generator polynomial of BCH code 44
Generator polynomial of RS code 62
GMD decoding 132
Golay code 25
greatest common divisor (GCD) 53
Hamming code 23
Hamming code, shortened (71,64.3) code 37
Hamming space, defined 4
Hamming space, distance 4
Hamming space, sphere 5
Hard-decision decoding 16
Hard-decision decoding, general structure 20
Incidence vector 29
Inner code 110
Interleaves 152
Interleaves, block 111
Interleaves, convolutional 116
Interleaves, cyclic 114
Interleaves, Ramsey 111 116 152
Interleaves, random 152
Interleaves, S—random 152
Irreducible factors 34
Irregular LDPC code, record performance 3
Iterative belief propagation algorithm, message passing 163
Iterative belief propagation decoding 162
Iterative bit-flip decoding 161
Iterative decoding convergence 152
Key equation 47
LDPC code 159
LDPC code, error detection capability 166
Likelihood 85
Linear code as vector subspace 6
Linear feedback shift-register (LFSR) 49
List decoding 134
Log and antilog tables 42
Log-likelihood metric 122
Log-likelihood ratio (LLR) 145
Log-likelihood ratio (LLR), extrinsic 146
Log-MAP algorithm 139
Low-density parity-check code 159
MacWilliams identity 56
MAP algorithm 137
Massey algorithm 63
Matrix, generator and parity—check 6
Matrix, Vandermonde 45
Max-Log-MAP algorithm 140
Maximum-a-posteriori probability 137
Maximum-distance-separable (MDS) code 62
Maximum-distance-separable (MDS) code, weight distribution 71
Maximum—length sequence (MLS) code 37
Meggit decoder 39
Message passing 163
Metric normalization 90
Metric, log-likelihood 122
Minimal polynomial 43
Minimum Hamming distance 4
Minimum squared Euclidean distance 173
MLD decoding 175
MLD decoding, defined 15
MLD decoding, Viterbi algorithm 86
Modified Forney syndrome 67
Modified syndrome polynomial 67
Modulation as mapping 170
Monte Carlo integration 19
MSED 173
Multilevel coding 180
Multilevel modulation code, definition 181
Multistage decoding 182
Natural labeling 174
Non-primitive BCH codes 38
Non-systematic cyclic code 35
Nyquist bandwidth 169
Order of an element in 43
Ordered statistics decoding 131
Orthogonal checks 30
Outer code 110
Parallel concatenated code 147
Parallel decoding of multilevel codes 185
Parity node 159
Parity sub-matrix 7
Parity-check matrix 6
Parity-check matrix of BCH code 45
Parity-check matrix of cyclic code 36
Partition level 117—118
Path memory 87 88
Pearl’s algorithm 162
Perfect code, definition 11
Permutation 111
Permutation matrix 147
PGZ algorithm 47 52—53
Polynomial code 27 45
Polynomial, associated with vector 33
Polynomial, erasure locator 67
Polynomial, errata locator 68
Polynomial, error 46
Polynomial, error evaluator 62
Polynomial, error locator 47
Polynomial, generator 34
Polynomial, minimal 43
Polynomial, modified syndrome 67
Polynomial, parity-check 36
Polynomial, primitive 41
Polynomial, syndrome 39
Primitive, element 41
Primitive, polynomial 41
Probability, a-posteriori 135
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