Endovascular embolization therapy has made remarkable progress during the past two decades, driven primarily by improvements in digital imaging, breakthroughs in microcatheter technology and coil design, and the development of new embolic materials. Initially employed in the management of musculoskeletal trauma, embolization therapy now has a wide range of applications. It permits effective non-operative management of major hepatic, splenic, and renal injuries that once posed a tremendous challenge to the trauma surgeon and has also become an integral facet of the modern oncology center.