These notes are provided to students who are enrolled in the Small Animal Medicine II course at Ross University. The notes were written so as to provide a solid and thorough understanding of the disease pathophysiology at hand. The notes are organized in such a manner as to first provide a succinct review of pertinent anatomy and physiology, followed by clinical approach (key historical and physical exam findings), then diagnostic evaluation (labwork, specialized studies) and finally therapeutic options and prognosis. The notes were written with an eye to a solid understanding of the disease process at hand with particular attention paid to clinically relevant points in a straightforward manner.