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Smith D.K., Alexander R.C. — Fumbling the future: how Xerox invented, then ignored, the first personal computer
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Íàçâàíèå: Fumbling the future: how Xerox invented, then ignored, the first personal computerÀâòîðû: Smith D.K., Alexander R.C. Àííîòàöèÿ: Ask consumers and users what names they associate with the multibillion dollar personal computer market, and they will answer IBM, Apple, Tandy, or Lotus. The more knowledgable of them will add the likes of Microsoft, Ashton-Tate, Compaq, and Borland. But no one will say Xerox. Fifteen years after it invented personal computing, Xerox still means "copy."
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Computer science /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1999Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 276Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 28.10.2010Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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O’Neill, Jim, and Xerox World Conference of 1977 194 — 195 198 O’Neill, Jim, Kearns and 203 223- O’Neill, Jim, management system of 199 200 Pake, George 73 74 105 136 159 229 258 Pake, George, and Elkind 244 Pake, George, and Hughes team 150 Pake, George, and loss of PARC scientists 242 Pake, George, and PARC 53 — 57 149 248 Pake, George, and reorganization of research at Xerox 217 Pake, George, and Scientific Data Systems-PARC relationship 145 — 146 147 Pake, George, and Spinrad 248 — 249 Pake, George, and Taylor 61 — 63 71 242 244 246 249 251 Pake, George, background of 53 — 54 Pake, George, hires Taylor 62— 63 66 Pake, George, on Goldman 157 Pake, George, on O’neill — Goldman conflict 158 Pake, George, on personal computer industry and Xerox 254 Pake, George, on Potter 170 Pake, George, on Xerox researchers 254 Pake, George, Taylor on 247 Palevsky, Max 62 122 144 146 PARC On-Line Office System see POLOS PARC scientists, isolation of 143- 152 PARC scientists, Potter on 168 — 169 PARC scientists, resignations of 241 — 242 PARC, accomplishments of 113 PARC, and 9700 laser printer 195 — 197 PARC, and Advanced Systems Division 210 — 214 PARC, and Alto see Alto; PARC, and Dorado word processor 242 PARC, and Ginn and Co. applications 105— 106 109 PARC, and Hughes committee study 139 141 PARC, and POLOS 109 — 110 PARC, and Potter’s division in Dallas 165 — 171 PARC, and preparation for Futures Day 206 — 209 PARC, and product development 105 — 107 109 143 PARC, and reorganization of Xerox research 215 — 218 PARC, and Scientific Data Systems 144 — 147 161 PARC, and Systems Development Division 172 PARC, and Taylor’s obsession with interactive computing 242 — 254 PARC, and Taylor’s resignation 253- 254 PARC, and word processing 167 — 168 PARC, and Xerox 820 237 — 238 PARC, Business Week on advances of 117 PARC, commercial opportunities at 153 — 163 PARC, demonstration at Xerox World Conference by 194 201 PARC, establishment of 56 — 57 PARC, inventions at 14 — 15 98 PARC, isolation of 143 — 152 PARC, laboratories at 61 PARC, McColough’s goals for 150 — 151 201 PARC, organization of 71 — 74 PARC, Pake as manager of 149 — 152 PARC, Pake’s reorganization of 248- 250 PARC, recruitment of staff for 66 — 70 PARC, role of in 1983 254 PARC, Rolling Stone magazine article on 148 — 149 PARC, Spinrad in control of 248 — 249 PARC, Taylor at 61 — 63 PARC, use of Ethernet at 97 — 98 PARC, Xerox’s managers and 181 — 182 (see also PARC scientists) Personal computers, and interim Dynabook 86 Personal computers, and McColough’s goals 24 Personal computers, and Star office system 233 — 234 Personal computers, and Xerox’s acquisition of Scientific Data Systems 30 — 31 (see also Alto) Personal computers, first 13 16 Personal computers, programs for 17 Personal computers, revenues due to sales of 17 Personal computers, television advertising for 13 — 14 Phased program planning 199 211 POLOS 105 — 110 229 Popular Electronics 233 — 234 Potter, Bob 159 162 227 230 258 Potter, Bob, and 800 word processing typewriter 169 — 171 Potter, Bob, and product development in Dallas 165 — 171 Potter, Bob, background of 165 Potter, Bob, on PARC computer scientists 168 — 169 Programming languages, object- oriented 14 Programming languages, «Smalltalk» 84 Project Genie 61 — 62 68 Publishing industry, and PARC technology 105 — 106 109 Rank-Xerox of England 118 — 120 Remington Rand 46 47 Research Character Generator 113 196 Ricoh see Savin 750 Rider, Ron 110 111 113 158 196 258 Roberts, Larry 60 61 Rolling Stone magazine 148 — 149 Savin 750 184 — 185 Scanned Laser Output Terminal 158 196 Schroeder, Mike 79 Scientific Data Systems 217 Scientific Data Systems, and Goldman’s research-center proposal 55 — 56 Scientific Data Systems, and IBM 122 — 123 Scientific Data Systems, and McColough’s goals for Xerox 48 — 50 Scientific Data Systems, and PARC 144 — 147 154 161 Scientific Data Systems, and product development 144 Scientific Data Systems, and scientific computer applications 48 Scientific Data Systems, and Taylor 61 — 62 Scientific Data Systems, closure of 184 205 Scientific Data Systems, failure of 117 121— 129 Scientific Data Systems, Goldman’s plans for 144 Scientific Data Systems, organizational changes in 124 — 127 128 Scientific Data Systems, problems within 143 Scientific Data Systems, Xerox’s acquisition of 30 — 31 33 42 45 46 181 Sigma computer 144 — 145 Simonyi, Charles 110 111 113 241 242 258 Slot 100 101 Software, and Star office system 234 — 235 Software, for Alto 95 102 Souders, Bill 161 162 173 175 177 Sparacino, Bob 155 — 156 157 159 16a 221 258 Sparacino, Bob, and Alto 210 Sparacino, Bob, and competition in copier industry 183 Sparacino, Bob, and copicr development 217 — 218 Sparacino, Bob, and decision to reject Alto III 173 Sparacino, Bob, and Goldman 215 — 217 248 Sparacino, Bob, and Kearns’s reorganization plan 224 Sparacino, Bob, and PARC 248 — 249 Sparacino, Bob, and Systems Development Division 229 — 230 Spencer, Bill 249 250 258 Spinrad, Bob 248 — 249 250 Squires, Frank 246 Star computer office system 228 — 233 Star computer office system, Dallas sales force and 240 Star computer office system,and personal computers 233 — 234 Star computer office system,and software 234 — 235 Star computer office system,reasons for failure of 235 — 240 Starkweather, Gary 98 — 100 136 158 183 196 258 Sutherland, Bert 148 Sutherland, Ivan 59 Switching technology 82 — 83 Systems Development Division 172 173 206 210. Systems Development Division, and Star project 231— 233 Systems Development Division, establishment of 113 Systems Development Division, Massaroand 228 — 229 Systems Science Laboratory 61 105 148 229 Systems Science Laboratory, and Alto use 95 Systems Science Laboratory, and Ethernet 97 Systems Science Laboratory, and Gunning 74 Systems Science Laboratory, and Kay 70 Systems Science Laboratory, and Taylor 70 Systems Science Laboratory, and «Dynabook» 84 — 85 Taylor, Bob 95 107 144 147 159 258 Taylor, Bob, and Dallas product strategy 168- 169 Taylor, Bob, and Engelbart 87 — 88 107 Taylor, Bob, and interactivity research 59 — 63 80 242 Taylor, Bob, and Lampson 68 — 69 Taylor, Bob, and Lickiider 57 58 Taylor, Bob, and organizing of Computer Science Laboratory 75 76 Taylor, Bob, and Pake 244 — 245 246 247 248 249 251 Taylor, Bob, and PARC 61 — 63 Taylor, Bob, and PARC goals 74 Taylor, Bob, and Project Genic 61 — 62 Taylor, Bob, and recruitment of PARC staff 66 — 67 70 72 Taylor, Bob, and Rolling Stone arude 148 149 Taylor, Bob, and Scientific Data Systems 61 — 62 144 Taylor, Bob, and Spencer 250 — 253 Taylor, Bob, and Thacker 69 Taylor, Bob, and word processors 167 Taylor, Bob, as director of IPTO 60 — 61 Taylor, Bob, background of 57 Taylor, Bob, goals of for Systems Science Laboratory 71 Taylor, Bob, job offer at PARC 62 — 63 Taylor, Bob, on Potter 167 — 168 Taylor, Bob, resignation of 253 254 Taylor, Bob, resignation of from ARPA 60 — 61 Tesler, Larry 105 109 110 112 253 Thacker, Cbuck 68 — 70 73 95 97 167 173 230 234 242 246 258 Thacker, Chuck, and building of Alto 87 — 91 Thacker, Chuck, and Star 231 Thacker, Chuck, and «multitasking» 151 — 152 Thacker, Chuck, on accomplishments of PARC 113 Thacker, Chuck, on computer scientists 80 Thacker, Chuck, on organizational structure of Computer Science Laboratory 77 Thacker, Chuck, resignation of 253 timesharing 59 61 81 107 Timesharing, and construction of Alto 87 Timesharing, and failure of Scientific Data Systems 144 146 Timesharing, and POLOS 109- 110 Timesharing, Computer Science Laboratory research and 75 — 85 Timesharing, problems of 109 — 110 Tribus Myron. 157 158- UN IV AC 46 Visicat 235 Wang Laboratories 175 — 176 Warner, Gloria 147 Wenrik, Robert 213 — 214 White, George 136 143 150 153 157 162 170 171 229 258 Wilson, Joe 15 36 43 48 50 153 161 203 Wilson, Joe, and Goldman 161 Wilson, Joe, and inter nationalization of Haloid 119 Wilson, Joe, and McColough 26 — 27 Wilson, Joe, and Model A copier 37 — 38 Wilson, Joe, and xerography 38 — 40 Wilson, Joe, business philosophy of 181 Wilson, Joe, death of 129 — 130 177- Wilson, Joe, goals of 23 26 31 Wilson, Joe, luring program of 193 Word processing programs, Alto 19 Word processing programs, Bravo 102 103 Word processing programs, first 14 Word processing programs, Gypsy 111 — 112 (see also POLOS) Word processing, and IBM’s MTST 165 — 166 Word processing, and Wang Laboratories 175 — 176 Wozniak, Steve 14 16 Xerography, and antitrust suits against Xerox 118 — 121 Xerography, and competition in copier industry 182 — 183 Xerography, and diversification of Xerox 45 — 46 Xerography, and invention of laser printer 98 — 100 Xerography, and Savin 750 184 Xerography, and success of Xerox Corporation 48 — 49 Xerography, development of 25 36 143 Xerography, impact of 23 Xerox Corporation, acquisition of Commercial Investment Trust 29 — 30 Xerox Corporation, acquisition of Scientific Data Systems 30 — 31 42 45 Xerox Corporation, and 9200 copier 186- 189 Xerox Corporation, and Alto commercial 18 — 19 Xerox Corporation, and antitrust suits 117 — 120 Xerox Corporation, and competition in copier industry 137 — 138 182 188 197 221 Xerox Corporation, and competition in personal computer industry 15 — 16 Xerox Corporation, and copier pricing 221 — 223 Xerox Corporation, and Hughes group strategy study 135 — 141 Xerox Corporation, and isolation of PARC 143 — 152 Xerox Corporation, and Japanese competitors in copier industry 184 — 186 Xerox Corporation, and patent infringement suit against IBM 45 Xerox Corporation, and product development 105 — 106 109 159 165 Xerox Corporation, and rejection of Alio III in favor of 850 171— 178 Xerox Corporation, and Roiling Stone article on PARC 148 — 149 Xerox Corporation, and Savin 750, 184 — 185: Xerox Corporation, stagnation after 1977 219 — 224 Xerox Corporation, and Star office system 235- 240 Xerox Corporation, and word processing industry 166 — 171 Xerox Corporation, and «benchmarks» system 224 Xerox Corporation, Business Week on competition between IBM and 117 Xerox Corporation, competition between management groups at 193 Xerox Corporation, competition with IBM 124- 125 Xerox Corporation, diversification debate in 45 — 46 Xerox Corporation, engineers at 183 — 184 Xerox Corporation, establishment of research center at 53 — 63 Xerox Corporation, impact of recession of 1975 on 120 — 121 Xerox Corporation, introduction of Star office system at 233 Xerox Corporation, introduction of «10 Series» copiers at 224 Xerox Corporation, introduction of «800» word processing typewriter at 169 — 171 Xerox Corporation, Kearns and reorganization of 222 — 224 Xerox Corporation, management of after Wilson’s death 160 — 161 Xerox Corporation, McCardell as president of 132- 135 Xerox Corporation, McCardell leaves 190 — 191 Xerox Corporation, McColough’s criticisms in 1977 of 181 Xerox Corporation, McColough’s goals for 23 — 24 Xerox Corporation, McColough’s social policies for 130 — 132 Xerox Corporation, Office Products Division under Massaro 227 — 229 Xerox Corporation, Palo Alto Research Center see PARC Xerox Corporation, personal computer commercial of 13 Xerox Corporation, pricing schemes at 137 — 138 140 Xerox Corporation, Printing Division in California of 171 — 172 Xerox Corporation, reasons for growth of 27 — 29 33 36 Xerox Corporation, resignations of PARC scientists from 241 — 242 Xerox Corporation, transfer of corporate headquarters of 45 46 Xerox Corporation, use of first Altos at 95 — 103 Xerox Corporation, World Conference of 1977 of 193 — 203 (see also Haloid Company) «Charlie Chaplin» ads 13 — 14 16 «Dynabook» 84 — 85 «Lab That Ran Away from Xerox» 242 253 «MAXC» 146 — 147 «Moses» 197 198 «Mouse» device 14 19 88 169 «Multitasking» 92 — 93 151 «Spacewar» 148 — 149
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