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Welford W. — Useful Optics
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Название: Useful Optics
Автор: Welford W.
Аннотация: Students and professionals alike have long felt the need of a modern source of practical advice on the use of optical tools in scientific research. Walter T. Welford's Useful Optics meets this need.
Welford offers a succinct review of principles basic to the construction and use of optics in physics. His lucid explanations and clear illustrations will particularly help those whose interests lie in other areas but who nevertheless must understand enough about optics to create the experimental apparatus necessary to their research. Consistently emphasizing applications and practical points of design, Welford covers a host of topics: mirrors and prisms, optical materials, aberration, the limits of image formation and resolution, illumination for image-forming systems, laser beams, interference and interferometry, detectors and light sources, holography, and more. The final chapter deals with putting together an experimental optics system.
Many areas of the physical sciences and engineering increasingly demand an appreciation of optics. Welford's Useful Optics will prove indispensable to any researcher trying to develop and use effective optical apparatus. Walter T. Welford (1916-1990) was professor of physics at Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine from 1951 until his death. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society and of the Optical Society of America.
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Рубрика: Физика /Электромагнетизм /Оптика /
Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц
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Год издания: 1991
Количество страниц: 140
Добавлена в каталог: 09.10.2005
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Предметный указатель
"Barrel" distortion 34
"Hard-edged" beams 67
"Pincushion" distortion 34
"Thick" systems 39
"Thin" lens 37
"Thin" lens, model of Gaussian optics 9 10
law 59—60
Aberrations and Gaussian beams 69—70
Aberrations and optical system design 36—42
Aberrations of ray 11 25
Aberrations, chromatic 36
Aberrations, large 49—52
Aberrations, parameterizing 26 27
Aberrations, paraxial 27
Aberrations, primary 27
Aberrations, Seidel 27—29 32 33
Aberrations, small 47—49
Aberrations, spherical 28—30 37
Aberrations, third-order 27
Aberrations, wavefront 29 30
Afocal system 10 11
Airy pattern 46 69
Alkali halides 22
Amplitude point spread functions 53
Angle of diffraction, and wavelength selection 110
Angle of incidence 2
Angle of multilayers 73
Angle of refraction 2
Angular dispersion, equation for 16
Angular resolution of the eye 123
annealing 20 21
Annealing for mirrors 23 24
Antireflection coatings 77
Antireflection coatings, broad-band 77—78
Antireflection coatings, principle of 72
Antireflection coatings, single-layer 71—73
Aperture stop 8 9
Aperture stop, position of 34—35
Aplanatic doublets 37—39
Argand diagram 89
Aspheric surfaces 40
Astigmatism 15 31—34
Astigmatism, correction 38—39
Astigmatism, defined 31
Beam expander 18 69 125
Beam waist 66—68
Beam-splitters, polarizing 18
Beam-splitting cube 16
Beam-splitting prism 15
Beam-splitting surfaces 42
Bending, defined 37 38
Bessel function 44
Birefringence, stress 20 21
Blackbodies 99
Blaze angle 109
Blazing of a grating 108
Bolometers 91 94
Bragg mode 104
Brewster angle 71 81
Brightness 64
Calcium carbonate 23
Cassegrain telescope 42
Catalog of optical glass manufacturers 19
cell 124
Centering 123
Central obstruction 42
Chalcogenide glasses 23
Charge-coupled device (CCD) 93—94
Chemical attack in optical systems 21
chromatic aberration 36
Chromatic dispersion 19
Coatings 21
Coherence 52
Coherence and interferometry 86—87
Coherence, longitudinal 88
Coherence, patch 53 86
Coherence, transverse 88
Coherent illumination 52—54
Collecting angle 61
Coma 15 30—31
Coma as transverse ray aberration 32
Coma, linear 30
Coma, Seidel 30
Combining prism 15
Compensators and interferometers 85
Complex amplitude 44 45 53—55
Complex amplitude of Gaussian beams 66
Concave gratings 111—113
Condensers 60—63
Conjugate distance equation 5 7 8 10
Conjugate distances 5
Conjugate planes 5
Cooke triplet 39
copper 23
Critical angle 13
Crystal quartz 23
Curvature 110
Deflectors, acousto-optic 104—105
Degree of partial coherence, defined 87
Detection, photochemical 94—95
Detectors 91—95
Dichroic reflecting surface 15 16
Dichromated gelatin (DCG) 115
Diffraction 54—56 104
Diffraction, gratings 15 108—113
Diffraction, holographic 116
Diffraction, systems limited by 49
Diffractometers 56
Dispersing prisms 16 17
dispersion 21
Distortion 33—34
Doppler effect 104
Dove prism 15
Electromagnetic radiation 1
Electromagnetic waves 1
Entrance pupil 9 10
Entrance slit 110
Exit pupil 9 10
Exit slit 112
Expansion coefficients of optical glasses 21
extended objects 59
External photoelectric effect detectors 91
Eye, human, angular resolution limit of 123
Fabry — Perot mirrors 23
Fabry — Perot theory 80
Faraday rotation 20 21
Fermat's principle 3
Field coordinate 26 31—33
Field coordinate, correction 38—39
Field coordinate, defined 32
Field curvature 31
Field lens 61 126
Filaments, quartz-halogen 98
Filaments, tungsten 98
Finite wavelength 44
Fizeau fringes 82—86
Float glass 23
Flux 58
Flux density 58
Focal length 5
Focal lines, sagittal 32
Focal lines, tangential 32
Focal ratio (f-ratio) 59
Focus 6
Fourier transform 54—57
Fourier transform and image 52
Fourier transform of the intensity point spread 50
Fourier transform, spectroscopy 84
Frame stores 125
Free spectral range 110
Frequency response formalism 53
Fresnel formulas 71
Fresnel formulas and multilayers 74
Fresnel formulas, lens 62
Fresnel formulas, numbers 67
Fringe of constant optical path 82—85
Fringe of equal inclination 82—85
Fringe, contrast 84
Fringe, function 84
Fringe, visibility or contrast of 87
Fused silica 22
Galvanometer mirror 101
Gaussian beams 66—68
Gaussian beams and aberrations 69—70
Gaussian beams, tracing of 68—69
Gaussian beams, truncation of 69
Gaussian intensity profile 9
Gaussian optics 5 7 25
Gaussian optics, formally defined 27
Geometrical optics 1 2
Geometrical wavefront 2
Germanium 23
ghost images 63
Glass chart 20
Globar 99
Golay cells 91 94
Grating constant 108
Grating monochromator 113
Gratings, concave 111—113
Gratings, plane diffraction 108—111
Gray body 98
Haidinger fringes 82—85
Harmonic analyzer 84
Helmholtz equation 69
Holograms, making of 119—120
Holograms, rotating 102
Holograms, thick 115
Holograms, thin 115
Holographic optical elements (HOEs) 117—119
Holographic recording materials 115
Holography, principle of 114—115
Homodyne detection 96 97
Ideal wavefront 28
Illuminance 97—98
Illumination, coherent 52—54
Illumination, incoherent 50 53
Illumination, partially coherent 52—54
Image formation 5 52
Image formation and partial coherence 88
Image formation, isoplanatic 50
Image point 5
Image point, Gaussian 26
Image point, ideal 26
Image, inversion 14
Image, parabolic 17
Image, rotation 14 15
Image, sharpness of 28
Image, virtual 9 10
Incoherent illumination 59
Infinity and diffraction 55 56
Infinity and telecentric system 9 10
Infrared, defined 23
Infrared, light sources 99—100
Inhomogeneity of refractive index 20
Integration 125
Intensity 53
Intensity, point spread function 52
Interference in a thin film 72
Interference, contrast 121
Interference, effects 53
Interference, filters 80
Interferometers 80
Interferometers, distance and phase measurement 85
Interferometers, Michelson 82—87
Interferometers, Twyman — Green 86 87
Interferometry and coherence 86—87
Interferometry holographic 119—120
Irradiance 58
Isoplanatic image formation 50
Johnson noise 92 95
Koehler illumination system 61 62
Lagrange, invariant 6 7 58 65
Lambertian radiator 58
Laser beam waist 66—68
Laser speckle 53 54
Lasers and non-Gaussian beams 70
Lasers, mirrors for 23—24
Lasers, multiwavelength 16
Lasers, sources for imaging systems 63—64
Lenses, testing of 86
Light intensity 45 46
Light scattering 20
Line spread function 109
Linear coma 30
Liouville's theorem 64
Lit trow geometry 110
Lithium fluoride 22
Longitudinal chromatic aberration 36
Longitudinal coherence 88
Longitudinal color 36
Longitudinal spherical aberration 28
Lumen 97
Luminance 97 98
Magnification 123
Malus — Dupin theorem 2
Mechanical stress 20 21
Meridian section 31
Metrical precision 125
Microscope, scanning 106—107
Microscopy 52
Mirrors 24
Mirrors for high power lasers 23—24
Mirrors, combinations of 12
Mirrors, concave 41 43
Mirrors, Fabry — Perot 23
Mirrors, galvanometer 101
Mirrors, optical materials for 19 23
Mirrors, oscillating 101
Mirrors, paraboloidal 41
Mirrors, rotating 101
Mirrors, spherical 41
Mirrors, telescope 24
Modulation transfer function (MTF) 50 51 90
Monochromatic light 88
Monochromator 113
Mounting of an optical component 124
Multilayers and Fresnel formulas 74
Multilayers and interference filters 80
Multilayers, angle of incidence of 73
Multilayers, design of 74
Multilayers, dielectric 15
Multilayers, high-reflectance 77
Multilayers, intensity reflectance of 76
Multilayers, periodic 79
Multilayers, reflectance of 74
Multilayers, thin-film 71—81
Multilayers, transmittance of 74
Multilayers, types of 76—81
Multilayers, wavelength dependence of 73
Multiwavelength lasers 16
Neutral reflecting surface 16
Noise 1 90 95—97 125
Noise equivalent power (NEP) 93
Non-Gaussian beams 70
Nonlinear index changes in glasses 21 22
Nonlinear refractive index 20
Nonspheric surfaces 40
Null test 117
Numerical aperture 46—47 123
Object 5 6 52
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