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| Greene B. — The elegant univerce |
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| Предметный указатель |
 51—52 103—4 120 121 145 149 238 317
Abbott, Edwin 192
Accelerated motion 29 44 45
Accelerated motion in general theory of relativity 58—75 125 376
After the bang (ATB) 347 348 349 350—52 358—60
Albrecht, Andreas 355
Algebraic geometry 259
Alpher, Ralph 348
Amaldi, Ugo 178
Amati, Daniele 19
Ampere, Andre — Marie 171
Amplitude of waves (see Wave amplitude)
Anthropic principle 368 369
Antimatter, matter vs. 8 9 120 159 176 223 292
Antiparticles 8—9 120 159 176 223
Antiquarks 223
Antistrings, strings vs 359 360
Ashtekar, Abhay 397
Aspect, Alain 114
Aspinwall, Paul 269 271 81 328
Astronomers 224 225 234 251 348
ATB (see After the bang)
atoms 3 14 136 226
Atoms, model of 7
Atoms, nuclei of 7 11 13 141 170
Bach, Johann Sebastian 174
Banks, Tom 312 379
Bardeen, James 336
Batyrev, Victor 270—71 272 275
Bekenstein — Hawking entropy 19 333—40
Bekenstein — Hawking entropy, early arguments regarding 335—36
Bekenstein — Hawking entropy, second law of thermodynamics and 334—35 336 337
Bekenstein — Hawking entropy, string theory confirmation of 338—40
Bekenstein, Jacob 334 36
Bell, John 114
big bang 4 51 81—83 84 117 122 151—52 155 177 224 254 320 346—70
Big bang and critical density of universe 234—35
Big bang as eruption of spacetime 83 346
Big bang in standard model of cosmology 345—56
Big bang in string cosmology 254 357 70
Big crunch 234 36
Big crunch, string theory and 235 36 239 252—54
Binary stars 5 32 33
Black hole entropy 333 40
Black holes 4 78—81 79 84 117 226
Black holes and new universe formation 369 70
Black holes and tearing of spacetime 265
Black holes as time machines 80
Black holes, branes and 329 31 330 338 40
Black holes, determinism and 340 43
Black holes, elementary particles and 320 22 329—33
Black holes, entropy of (see Bekenstein-Hawking)
Black holes, entropy; black hole entropy event horizons of (see Event horizon)
Black holes, evidence for existence of 80 81
Black holes, extremal 339 40 343
Black holes, formation of 339
Black holes, gravitational force of 75 79 80 265 336 337 343
Black holes, lost information and 342 13
Black holes, mass of 79 80 81 321 330—31 337 338
Black holes, naming of 79
Black holes, phase transitions of 331 332
Black holes, radiation emitted by 81 336 37 338 340 342
Black holes, string theory and 19 320 44
Black holes, temperature of 336 337 38
Bogomol’nyi, E. 303
Bohr, Niels 7 88 103 105 112
Bolyai, Janos 232
Born, Max 105 106 109
Bose, Satyendra 175
Bosonic string theory 180 81
Bosons, spin of 175 180 182
Bottom quarks 8
BPS states, appearance of 316—17
BPS states, extremal black holes and 339
BPS states, string duality and 303—6
BPS states, supersymmetry and 303 304 309 316
Brandenberger, Robert 249 50 254 358—61
Branes 316—17 324 339
Branes as space-protective shields 323 324 325 329—30
Branes, mass of 317 330—31
Branes, wrapped configurations of 329 31 330
Bronowski, Jacob 387
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes) 207 8 207 208 225 216 248
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), conifold transitions of 325 33 360—61
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), cosmology and 360 61 365
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), electric charge fractions and 223—24
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), flop-transitions and 266 78 266 267 273 322 323 325 329
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), gravitational force and 363 64
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), messenger particles and 218
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), mirror symmetry and 255 62 269 273—78 273 299
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), orbifolding of 256 58 257 269
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), particle families and holes in 216—21 255—56 257—58 280
Calabi — Yau spaces (shapes), particle mass and 217 18 259 281
Calabi, Eugenio 207
Callan, Curtis 409
Candelas, Philip 207 215 17 258—59 261—62 270 275 325
Carter, Brandon 320 336
CERN 136 178
Chadwick, James 7
Chaos theory 17
Charm quark 8
Chirality 401
Christodoulou, Demetrios 320
circles 326
Circles and conifold transitions 326 27 327
Circles, measured on flat vs. curved surfaces 63 65 64 65
Classical vs. quantum 340 42
Clemens, Herb 325
Clocks, light (see Light clocks)
COBE (Cosmic Background Explorer) satellite 349
Coherent state of strings 377 78
Coleman — Mandula result 170 172
Coleman, Sidney 170
Conifold transitions 329
Conifold transitions of Calabi — Yau spaces 325—33 360—61
Conifold transitions, dimension and 325—27
Conifold transitions, spheres and 322 323 27 326 327
Connes, Alain 379 80
Constant-velocity motion 28 29 73
Constant-velocity motion in special theory of relativity 24—25 26—27 28—30 34-37 40 41 43—46 47 58 75
Constant-velocity motion, light clocks and 38 40
Cosmic background radiation 348 49
Cosmic background radiation, temperature of 353 56
Cosmic rays 8
Cosmological constant 82 346
Cosmological constant, value of 225
Cosmology, Calabi — Yau spaces and 360—61 365
Cosmology, standard model of 345 56
Cosmology, string theory and 357 70
Cosmology, T.O.E. and speculation on 364 70 385—86
Cowan, Clyde 8
Cremmer, Eugene 307
Crommelin, Andrew 77
Curled-up dimensions 186 187—92 188 189 191 196 197 199—209 199 200 215—21 248 280 358
Curled-up dimensions and resonance patterns of string 206
Curled-up dimensions, fractionally charged particles and 223—24
Curled-up dimensions, geometrical forms of 191 191 199—200 199 200
Curled-up dimensions, size of 191 92 400
Curled-up dimensions, supergravity and 307 12
Curled-up dimensions, time and 204—5 (see also Calabi-Yau spaces)
Curvature of spacetime (see Spacetime warping
Dark matter 225 235
Davidson, Charles 77
Davisson, Clinton 104 105
De Boer, Wim 178
de Broglie, Louis 103 4 105 106 109
de Sitter, Willem 32—33
Determinism and black holes 340 43
Deuterium 347 349
Dicke, Robert 348
| Dimensions in conifold transitions 325 27
Dimensions in flop transitions 281
Dimensions in Kaluza — Klein theory 186 203 186 188 189 191
Dimensions in Lineland 192 96 194 195 236 359
Dimensions in special relativity 49 51 185
Dimensions in string theory 6 18 184 210 216—21 236 248—49 254-62 263—82 307 308—12 323-33 378—79
Dimensions in supergravity 307—12
Dimensions, varieties of (see Curled-up dimensions Extended
Dimopoulos, Savas 400
Dirac, Paul 120 157 165 341
Distance 33
Distance in string theory 249 54
Dixon — Lerche — Vafa — Warner conjecture 255—58
Dixon, Lance 255 58
Double-slit experiments 97—102 98 99 100 101
Double-slit experiments, electrons in 104 109 14 118
Double-slit experiments, Feynman’s approach to 109 12 110
Double-slit experiments, interference pattern in 100 102 101 104 105 109
Double-slit experiments, light as particles in 98 99 98 99 101—3
Double-slit experiments, light as waves in 99 101 100 102—3
Double-slit experiments, water waves and 99 100 101
Down-quarks 7 9
Duality 297—306 312—16 332—33 381—82
Duality and quantum geometry 312 14
Duality, mirror symmetry and 299
Duality, string coupling constants and 303—6 315—16
Duality, strong-weak 299 300 304 5 318
Duality, supersymmetry and 301 3 306 382
Duff, Michael 203 298
Duration 33
Dyson, Frank 77
Dyson, Freeman 120
Earth 67 169 235 386
Earth and gravitational influence of sun 68—70 70 71 72 73 75 289—90
Eddington, Arthur 77 78 166
Effect of motion on predicted in Newton’s theory of gravity 55 56 289 90
Effect of motion on predicted in principle of relativity 28 30 Constant-velocity
Einstein, Albert and Calabi — Yau spaces 205 6 223—24
Einstein, Albert and cosmplogical constant 82 225 346
Einstein, Albert and Kaluza — Klein theory 187 197
Einstein, Albert and unified field theory, ix 4 5 15 283 Photoelectric Special
Einstein, Albert of point particles 223
Einstein, Albert on experimental confirmation of general theory 166
Einstein, Albert on probability in physics 107 8 201
Einstein, Albert, electric charge 10 12 171
Einstein, Albert, x 3 20 62 88 94—97 104 114 272 387
Electric charges and 10 12 171
Electric charges and gravitational force vs. 12
Electric charges and in Kaluza — Klein theory 187 196—97 287
Electric charges and intrinsic strength of 176 77
Electric charges and messenger particles of (see Photons)
Electric charges and quantum electrodynamics 121—22
Electric charges, strong force and 175 76 198
electromagnetic field 23 24 377
Electromagnetic force 10 11 12 15 126 374 384
Electromagnetic force in early universe 350 352
Electromagnetic waves 88 90 89
Electromagnetic waves, composition of 97
Electromagnetic waves, energy of 88 89 90 92 93 94 97
Electromagnetic waves, light as 24 97 98 99—101 100 102—3
Electron waves (see Probability waves)
Electron-neutrinos (see Neutrinos)
Electrons 3 7 8 9 14 15 42 54 146 150 153 218 347
Electrons in double-slit experiments 104 109—14 118
Electrons in photoelectric effect 94 7
Electrons in uncertainty principle 112—15 118—19
Electrons, interaction of positrons and 159—60 159
Electrons, quantum electrodynamics and 121—22
Electrons, spin of 170—72
Electroweak force 122 23 175 76 352
Elementary particles (see Particles elementary)
Ellingsrud, Geir 261 62
Energy 51
Energy and resonance patterns of strings 144—45 144 145 148—52 155 216—18 220—21 239-47 244 245 291—92
Energy and wave frequency 92 93 94 95 104
Energy of electromagnetic waves 88 89 90 92—93 94 97
Energy of photons in photoelectric effect 96—97
Energy, mass and 52 81 120 144 45 149 238
Entropy, black hole 333 40
Entropy, high vs. low 333 34
Equivalence principle 58 62 68 75 125 374 375 382
Equivalence principle, symmetry and 169 70 374 75
Euclidean geometry 64 65 231
Euler beta-function 137
Euler, Leonhard 137
Event horizon 79 81 79 342 344
Event horizon, area-increase law and 335 336 340
Event horizon, gravitational force and 79 80 265 336 337
Extended dimension 186 187—92 88 191 204 208 248—49 251
Extended dimension in M-theory 165 309—12 309 311 315—17 324 325 379
Extended dimension, tearing of spacetime in 281 323 324 325 327
Extremal black holes 339 40 343
Families, of elementary particles 9 9 123 216—21 219 255—56 257—58 280
Faraday, Michael 23
Fermi, Enrico 175
Fermions, spin of 175 180 182
Ferrara, Sergio 307
Feynman, Richard 86 87 97 102 120 157 212—13
Feynman, Richard and alternative formulation of quantum mechanics 108 12 279—80
Final theory (see Theory of everything)
First superstring revolution 139 40 297
Fischler, Willy 312 379
Flat space 67—68 68 73 127
Flatland 195 359
Flatland (Abbott) 192 195
Flop transitions 266 82 266 267 273 322 323 325 329
Flop transitions, mirror symmetry and 267 268 78 273
Force charges 10 13 15 321
Force charges and resonance patterns of strings 143—44 145—46 205—6 222
Force charges of black holes 321
Force particles 11 11 13 142 147 172
Force particles and string theory 16 142 150 218 Specific
Force particles in standard model 123
Force particles of (see Force particles)
Force particles of grand unification and 175 78
Force particles of M-theory and merging of 363 64 363
Force particles of supersymmetry and intrinsic strengths of 178 179
Force particles, spin of 172 173 222
Force-free motion (see Constant-velocity motion)
Forces and enforcing symmetries 124 26
Forces in early universe 350 52
Forces, common features of 11—12
Forces, differences in intrinsic strength of 12
Forces, distance and intrinsic strength of 176—78 178
Forces, fundamental 10 13 15
Freedman, Daniel 307
Frequency wave 89 102 103
Frequency wave, energy and 92 93 94 95 104
Friedman, Robert 325
Friedmann, Alexander 82 346
Fuerstenau, Hermann 178
Fusion 13 51
Galaxies 3 4 54 234 235 348 368
Galaxies, formation of 13 347
Galileo 30
Gamow, George 94 348
Garden-hose universe and Kaluza — Klein theory 186 96 186 188 194 195 236
Garden-hose universe, point particles in 236 37 237
Garden-hose universe, quantum geometry and 236—48
Gasperini, Maurizio 362
Gauge symmetry 124 26 170 374 375
Gauss, Carl Friedrich 232
Gell — Mann, Murray 7 14 213
General theory of relativity 53 84 87 126 169 210 289 343 377
General theory of relativity and Kaluza — Klein theory 187 196—97 199 287
General theory of relativity, aesthetics of 75 76 166
General theory of relativity, applications of 78 83
General theory of relativity, equivalence principle and (see Equivalence principle)
General theory of relativity, expansion and contraction of universe and 81—83 225 346 357
General theory of relativity, experimental verification of 75 78 83—84 166
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