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Aczel A.D. — God's Equation: Einstein, Relativity, and the Expanding Universe
Aczel A.D. — God's Equation: Einstein, Relativity, and the Expanding Universe



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Название: God's Equation: Einstein, Relativity, and the Expanding Universe

Автор: Aczel A.D.

Аннотация:

Who would have thought a mathematical constant would make such an engaging character? God's Equation: Einstein, Relativity, and the Expanding Universe, mathematician Amir Aczel's tale of the search for a scientific explanation of the universe, features the cosmological constant in a role as complex as Einstein's. The great genius referred to it as his "greatest blunder," but recent events in the world of astrophysics have brought the prodigal term back into the fold as an important part of his field equation. Aczel is a powerful storyteller, and makes no secret of his admiration for Einstein; much of the book revolves around his conquest of general relativity. Integrating relativity with gravitation was no easy task (even for Einstein), but the author deftly steers the reader away from the sticky stuff and focuses attention on concepts of importance.
Aczel shows Einstein's aesthetic troubles with the cosmological constant, which preceded theoretical and experimental problems leading to its abandonment. The universe was caught in the act of expansion by Edwin Hubble, and the constant, originally invoked to maintain a steady-state universe, was unnecessary. Fortunately, though, the mathematics underlying the constant had become important tools for physicists; observations in 1997 and 1998 by Saul Perlmutter, Neta Bahcall, and others showed that the universe will continue expanding indefinitely and sent theorists back to the drawing board to revise their equations. The cosmological constant returned triumphant, and while its inventor might never have approved of it, today's scientific community gives it an honored role in God's Equation.


Язык: en

Рубрика: Физика/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

ed2k: ed2k stats

Издание: reprinted edition

Год издания: 2000

Количество страниц: 236

Добавлена в каталог: 28.03.2010

Операции: Положить на полку | Скопировать ссылку для форума | Скопировать ID
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Предметный указатель
Mass of universe, ratio to critical density      192-95
Mass of universe, relationship to curvature      156-157 191-92
Massive objects, collapse into black holes      69 (see also Light deflection by massive objects; stars)
Mathematics, Einstein's view of      17-18
Mathematics, of general theory of mathematics, relativity      33-34 62-65 68 96 109-11 112-14
Mathematics, of special theory of mathematics, relativity      18 32-33 63
Matter, broken symmetries      208-9
Matter, creation in big bang      171
Matter, critical density of universe      173 187 191-95
Matter, distribution in universe      184-87
Matter, neutrinos      182-84 187
Matter, particles      181-82 208
Matter, properties      181 186
Maxwell, James Clerk      19 20-21 22-23
Mayr, L.      148
Mercury, perihelion of      83-84 109 111 145
Metric tensor      65 96 114 151-52
Metrics      see Distances
Michelson, Albert A.      22-24
Mie, Gustav      112
Milky Way      154
Minkowski, Hermann      18 32-33 61 63
Mone Nebula (Crab)      2-3
Morley, Edward W.      23-24
Muller, Richard      214-15
N$\ddot{o}$ther, Emmy      113 114
Nasiraddin (Nasir Eddin Al- Tusi)      47 49 50
Nebulae, Mone (Crab)      2-3
Nebulae, spiral      160-61
Nemesis      215
Nernst, Hermann      66-67 108
Neutrino astronomy      184
Neutrinos      182-84 187
Neutron stars      3-4
Newton, Isaac, gravitation theory      27-28 35 125 150-51
Newton, Isaac, Mach's criticism of      20
Newton, Isaac, scattering theory      36 132
Non - Euclidean geometries      50 100-102 144
Non - Euclidean geometries, curvature      94 101
Non - Euclidean geometries, distances      95-97
Non - Euclidean geometries, Einstein's use of      15 33 40-41 54 59 63-64
Non - Euclidean geometries, hyperbolic      52-54 57-59 101 190 192 193 218
Non - Euclidean geometries, Riemann's work on      94-97 110
Non - Euclidean geometries, spherical      51-52 100 189 192-93
Nordstr$\ddot{o}$m, Gunnar      75 112
Nuclear fusion      182
Objects, attempts to confirm      36-37
Objects, confirmation of      133-36 44 147-48
Objects, Einstein's desire for experimental confirmation      3 6-37 68 73-79 82-83 119
Objects, Einstein's estimates of      88-89 111
Omar Khayyam      47
omega      192-95
Particle Physics      207-9
Pauli, Wolfgang      182
Peebles, James E.      176
Pennypacker, Carl      215
Penrose, Roger      99 168-69 171 210 218
Penzias, Arno      177
Perlmutter, Saul      1-2 4 5-6 7 8-10 162 195 199 203 215-19
Pick, Georg      33 34 63
Planck, Max      66-67 79 89 90 107 108 120
Playfair's axiom      46 57
Poincare, Henri      21
Poisson, Simeon - Denis      150 151
Poliak, Leo W.      36 73
Prague      29-31 33-34 38-40
Press, William      203
Principe, expedition to      124 126-27 129-34 135-37 138 142-44
Proclus      46-47
Prussian academy      80-81 82 87 105 106 110 118
Pseudospheres      101 190
Pulsars      3
Pythagoras      44
Quantum cosmology      198
Quantum theory      39 66 106 120 181-82 184
Quasars      208
Quintessence      206
Radiation, cosmic background      175 176-77
Redshifts      5 9
Redshifts, as evidence for expansion of universe      160-61
Redshifts, caused by gravity      32 39
Redshifts, of spiral nebulae      160-61
Reference frames      21 32 59
Reines, Fred      182 183
Relativity      see General theory of relativity; special theory of relativity
Renn, J$\ddot{u}$rgen      37 114 116
Ricci, Gregorio      34 63 110
Riemann, Bernhard      69 91-97 99 100 102-3 110
Russia, Crimean eclipse expedition      71 79 81-84 85 87
Saccheri, Girolamo      48-50 51
Sauer, Tilman      116
Schwarzschild, Karl      119 169
Serbia      84-86
Shapley, Harlow      163
Silberstein, Ludwig      145 146
Slipher, Vesto      160-61
Sobral (Brazil)      126-29 133-34 135 137 143
Soldner, Johann Georg von      3-6
Space      see also Universe
Space, empty      158 159
Space, expansion of      179
Spacetime      22
Spacetime singularity      168 71 213 218
Spacetime, curvature      59 65 94 96 143-44
Spacetime, four dimensions      32-33 190
Special theory of relativity development      17 21-22
Spherical geometry      51-52 100
Spherical geometry, curvature of space      94
Spherical geometry, of universe      189 192-93
Stachel, John      114 116
Standard candles      162 203
Stars, bending of light      see Light deflection
Stars, binary pulsars      201
Stars, collapse into black holes      169
Stars, double      77-78
Stars, exploding      1-6
Stars, formation of      171-72 177
Stars, in Milky Way      154
Stars, neutron      3-4
Stars, nuclear reactions in      182
Stars, Schwarzschild radius      169
Stars, variable      161-62 163
Steinhardt, Paul      11 197-99 206
Struve, Hermann      79-80 81 89
Sun      74-75 143-44
Super-universe      176
Supernova Cosmology Project      195 199
Supernovae, detecting      215-16
Supernovae, explosions      184
Supernovae, type Ia      2-6 7 162 195 203-4
Supernovae, type II      3-4
Superstring theory      209-10
Telescopes      173 201 215 216
Tensors      64-65
Tensors, curvature      113-14
Tensors, energy-momentum      113 117 152 181
Tensors, matter      68
Tensors, metric      65 96 114 117 151-52
Tensors, Ricci      114 115 117
Thomson, Joseph      142 145-46
Time, evolution of space through      193-94
Time, in black holes      169 171
topology      97-99 212-13 218
Trapped surfaces      169
Turner, Michael      204
Turok, Neil      211 212-13
Unified field theory, cosmologists' interest in      210-11
Unified field theory, Einstein's search for      100 211 219
Universe      see also Big bang
Universe, "funny energy" (negative pressure or vacuum energy)      10-11 180 204-6
Universe, age of      171
Universe, as infinite      9 150-51 153-54
Universe, chemical elements in      177-78
Universe, cosmic background universe, radiation      175 176-77
Universe, distribution of matter      184-87
Universe, Einstein's field equation universe, as model of      151-52 156-57
Universe, energy levels in      207-8
Universe, expansion of      see Expansion of universe
Universe, geometry of      see Geometry of universe
Universe, lack of center      179
Universe, mass      see Mass of universe
Universe, Newton on      150-51
Universe, of empty space      158 159
Universe, origins of      171 217-18
Universe, static model of      156-57
Universe, super      176
Universe, temperature of      176 177
Updike, John      181
Variable stars      161-62 163
Vectors      33 65
Voss, Aurel      114
Wallis, John      50
Weinberg, Steven      167 207
Weyl, Hermann      165
White holes      171
Wilhelm II, Kaiser      85-87
Wilson, Robert      177
World War I      84-87 118-19 121 123 125-26 162
Z$\ddot{u}$rich Notebook (Einstein)      37 116-17
Zeta function      92
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