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Alter O., Yamamoto Y. — Quantum Measurement of a Single System
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Название: Quantum Measurement of a Single SystemАвторы: Alter O., Yamamoto Y. Аннотация: A groundbreaking look at the nature of quantum mechanics.
Язык: Рубрика: Физика /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 2001Количество страниц: 136Добавлена в каталог: 19.03.2010Операции: Положить на полку |
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(QND) see quantum measurement nondemolition (QND) nondestructive measurement see quantum measurement nondestructive Adiabatic approximation 5 66 67 69-73 118 Adiabatic measurement see quantum measurement adiabatic Aharonov 3 11 12 61 65 67 Annihilation operator 54 Atom, two-level 6 77-86 89 113 114 Back-action noise 7 24 28 29 32 45 47 49 91 99 104 106 108 Bohr 3 12 Brownian motion 24 37-39 44 47 Channel, quantum, encoding and decoding of information 42 43 Coherences of the density operator see density operator coherences Collapse see reduction communication Communication channel, quantum, upper limit to capacity 34 41 43 Complementarity 3 12 Completeness of quantum mechanics 8 94 105 109 116 119 Contractive state measurement see quantum measurement contractive Creation operator 54 Density operator, coherences of 83 Density operator, of a mixed state 41 Density operator, of a pure state after a measurement 18 Density operator, of a pure state before a measurement 17 Dephasing (or decoherence) 1 2 6 75 78 83 90 91 113 118 Destructive measurement see quantum measurement destructive Disentanglement see entanglement Displacement (or translation) operator 59 Doppler speed meter 99 Einstein, I 107 109 of Electromagnetic cavity, single-mode 6 77 78-86 89 114 Energy eigenstate 3 12 65 73 Energy number of quanta of 7 8 42 78 85 92 94 95 111 116 Entanglement (of a quantum probe and a quantum signal) see interaction unitary Entanglement (of a quantum probe and a quantum signal), approximated as disentanglement see adiabatic approximation Entanglement (of a quantum probe and a quantum signal), measurement without see quantum measurement without Entanglement entropy 41 Ergodicity 21 Estimation 12 13 15 Estimation of expectation value 18 19 Estimation of uncertainty 19-21 Evolution see time evolution; Heisenberg and Schr Force, fundamental quantum limit to detection of 2 7-9 91-116 118-121 Frame of reference 77 80 81 88 89 Free mass (or particle), driven by a classical force 7 8 91-109 110 113 115 119 121 Frequency difference 97-99 Generalized projection operator 27 49 50 Gravitational wave detection 2 91 Hamiltonian of a free mass driven by a classical force 95 Hamiltonian of a harmonic oscillator driven by a classical force 59 110 Hamiltonian of a two-level atom in a single-mode cavity 78 Hamiltonian of two coupled harmonic oscillators 54 68 Harmonic oscillator(s) 52-56 68-71 coupled)1 Harmonic oscillator(s), driven by a classical force 2 7-9 91-95 118-121 Harmonic oscillator(s), state, coherent 55 59 Harmonic oscillator(s), state, energy (or number) eigenstate 68-71 111-115 Harmonic oscillator(s), state, squeezed 7 52-61 92 96 Heisenberg 6 28 54 77 78 86-89 95 105-107 118 Heisenberg; Heisenberg microscope 105 Interaction (of a quantum probe with a quantum signal), unitary 12 17 24 51 62 63 66 86 unitary) Interaction (of a quantum probe with a quantum signal), unitary, of a free mass and a wavepacket of light 97-99 Interaction (of a quantum probe with a quantum signal), unitary, of two harmonic oscillators 54-56 68-71 Interaction (of a quantum probe with a quantum signal), unitary, of two wavepackets of light, linear, in a beam splitter 54-56 Interaction (of a quantum probe with a quantum signal), unitary, of two wavepackets of light, nonlinear, in a Kerr medium 31 82 Interferometric measurement see quantum measurement interferometric Inverse quantum Zeno effect of a single system 89 (see also quantum Zeno effect) Momentum, change 92 95-99 119 Momentum, generalized 53-58 68-71 Number of quanta of energy see energy number quantum Observable(s), canonically conjugate 24 26 28 45 46 49 65 110 Observable(s), commuting 24 33 Observable(s), eigenvalues and eigenstates of 12 13 26 45 48-50 62-64 eigenstate Observable(s), expectation value and uncertainty of 5 9 13 15 18-21 26-31 67 96 117 Observable(s), noncommuting 67 106 107 109 Observable(s), symmetric 33 34 38 39 44 Observable(s), time-varying 77 81 88 89 Pauli's first-kind measurement see quantum measurement Pauli's Phase, relative 1 8 31 32 56 60 63 66-68 82 94 111-116 121 Photon-number 5 24 26 31-48 77 80-86 89 114 Picture, Heisenberg 6 54 78 86-90 118 Picture, Schr 6 55 77 86-90 118 Position change (or displacement) 92 99-105 119 Position, generalized 53-58 68-71 Precision measurements 2 7-9 91 93 Preparation (or resetting) of a quantum state see quantum wavefunction (or state) preparation Probability, conservation of 13 115 Probability, density, after a measurement 18 Probability, density, before a measurement 18 Probability, density, conditional 19 Probability, of transition 27 30 32 66 69 111 112 Probability-amplitude operator 17 32-34 48 50 82 88 89 Projection postulate 3 12 13 26 31 44 Projection postulate, generalized 5 17 24 Protective measurement see quantum measurement protective QND condition, necessary 24 QND condition, sufficient 24 49 53 62 Quadrature amplitudes, slowly varying 5 8 24 26 31-33 45-48 57 64 82 94 110 115 Quantum measurement, adiabatic 3 5 11 12 65-73 118 Quantum measurement, contractive state 7 92 99-105 113 Quantum measurement, destructive 1 8 94 113 116 119 Quantum measurement, interferometric 97-99 Quantum measurement, nondemoliton (QND) 5 7 8 23 50 53 62 64 77 82-86 88 89 92 94 111 113 114 116 119 Quantum measurement, nondestructive 1 2 Quantum measurement, of two entangled particles 107 Quantum measurement, Pauli's first-kind 17 Quantum measurement, protective 3 11 12 26 48-50 52 53 58-64 65 67 Quantum measurement, reversible 3 Quantum measurement, simultaneous, of noncommuting observables 8 94 105-109 110 115 119 Quantum measurement, utilizing a priori information see quantum measurement without Quantum measurement, von Neumann's (or ideal) 12 14 Quantum measurement, weak (or imprecise) 13 16 31-45 Quantum measurement, without entanglement 5 51 64 117 Quantum wavefunction (or state), change (or evolution) of, deterministic, in unitary interaction or time evolution 5 12 24 25 49 51-56 62 64 73 78 86 117 unitary; unitary) Quantum wavefunction (or state), change (or evolution) of, stochastic, in a quantum measurement process 3 5 12 24 25 49 51 52 55 62-64 89 Quantum wavefunction (or state), collapse (or reduction) of see reduction Quantum wavefunction (or state), collapse (or reduction) of, meaning of, epistemological (or statistical) 2 11 15 26 31 53 64 67 68 73 117 118 Quantum wavefunction (or state), collapse (or reduction) of, meaning of, ontological (or physical) 2 3 6 11 61 64 65 67 117 118 Quantum wavefunction (or state), collapse (or reduction) of, of a single system, impossibility of, determining 3-9 11-21 23-50 51-64 65-73 77 86-90 92 104 105 115 117 118 Quantum wavefunction (or state), collapse (or reduction) of, of an ensemble, determination of 2 5 11 15 18 20 21 35-37 39 40 44 53 57 58 60 61 63 Quantum wavefunction (or state), collapse (or reduction) of, preparation (or resetting) of 7 8 12 17 48 62 63 86 92 94 95 99-104 105 113 119 Quantum Zeno effect 6 75 76 Quantum Zeno effect, of a single system 2 6 9 75-90 92 94 113-115 118 Rabi oscillations 80 81 Rabi oscillations, damped 82-86 Reduction (or collapse) 3-6 7 12 14 15 21 23-50 51-53 62-64 67 70-73 75 78 89 117 118 Reversible measurement see quantum measurement reversible Rotating wave approximation 78 Schr 6 55 77 86-90 107 118 Schr Signal-to-noise ratio 61 111 112 Simultaneous measurement of noncommuting observables see quantum measurement simultaneous of Spin 1, 2, 3 fictitious 78-81 89 114 Standard quantum limit (SQL) 7 8 91-96 99-105 113 119 Statistics of the result of a quantum measurement of a single system 15 17-19 Statistics of the result of a quantum measurement of an ensemble, II 13 15 20 21 Statistics of the result of the results of a series of measurements of a single system 5 13 15 19-21 Time evolution of a single quantum system, unitary see also interaction of a quantum probe with a quantum signal unitary; Time evolution of a single quantum system, unitary, limit to monitoring of see quantum Zeno effect of a single system Time evolution of a single quantum system, unitary, of a free mass driven by a classical force 95 Time evolution of a single quantum system, unitary, of a harmonic oscillator driven by a classical force 110 111 Time evolution of a single quantum system, unitary, of a two-level atom in a single-mode cavity 80 81 Time evolution of a single quantum system, unitary, of a wavepacket of light driven by a classical electromagnetic field 58-60 Transition probability see probability of Uncertainty principle 5 8 9 25 28 49 94 99 105-109 116 117 119 Unitarity see conservation of probability Unitary interaction see interaction unitary Unitary time evolution see time evolution unitary von Neumann 12 (see also projection postulate; quantum measurement von Wavepacket(s) of light, coupled, linear coupling, in a beam splitter 54-56 Wavepacket(s) of light, coupled, nonlinear coupling, in a Kerr medium 31 82 Wavepacket(s) of light, coupled, nonlinear coupling, in a parametric amplifier 33 45-48 Wavepacket(s) of light, driven by a classical electromagnetic field 61 Wavepacket(s) of light, state, coherent 55 58 59 61 68 71 Wavepacket(s) of light, state, photon-number eigenstate 24 39 Wavepacket(s) of light, state, squeezed 1 5 24 31-48 Weak (or imprecise) measurement see quantum measurement weak Zeno, quantum see inverse quantum Zeno effect; quantum Zeno effect
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