This book presents a comprehensive and systematic analysis of problems of transversely isotropic materials that have wide applications in civil, mechanical, aerospace, materials processing and manufacturing engineering. Various efficient methods based on three-dimensional elasticity are developed under a unified framework, including the displacement method, the stress method, and the state-space method. In particular, a three-dimensional general solution is derived to solve practical problems such as the infinite space, half-space, bimaterial space, layered medium, bodies of revolution, thermal stresses and three-dimensional contact. Exact and analytical solutions are also derived for static and dynamic problems of plates and shells, which may be used as the benchmarks for numerical or approximate analysis. Coupling effects of inner/outer fluids and surrounding elastic media on the free vibration cylindrical and spherical shells are discussed in detail. New state-space formulations are established for the analysis of rectangular plates and spherical shells, from which two independent classes of vibrations can be easily clarified.