Ionic liquids, the salts having very low melting temperature, show very high ionic conductivity, nonvolatility, and nonflammability and thus offer many applications for electrochemistry, not the least of which is design for greater safety. Assuming a basic knowledge of electrochemistry, Ohno (biotechnology, Tokyo U. of Agriculture and Technology, Japan) presents 32 papers assessing these applications and discussing the properties of different ionic liquids. The papers are organized into sections dealing uses in basic electrochemistry, bioelectrochemistry, ionic devices, functional design of ionic liquids, ionic liquids in ordered structures, gel-type polymer electrolytes, and polymerized ionic liquids.