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Truesdell C — Rational Thermodynamics
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Íàçâàíèå: Rational ThermodynamicsÀâòîð: Truesdell C Àííîòàöèÿ: These lectures are meant as a sequel to my Six Lectures on Modern Natural Philosophy, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1966, and especially as a replacement for Lecture III therein. They began as the first nine in the series of public lectures delivered in 1966-1967 at the Drexel Institute of Technology, Philadelphia, under the title "Topics in Modern Natural Philosophy" The part of that series devoted to electromagnetism I have withheld here as being unripe for the press; in return, I have completely rewritten Lectures 3 and 4, have recast Lecture 5, and have added a new lecture, here the sixth, all these containing material which did not exist last year. Most of the lectures in their present forms I have delivered in 1968 at one or more of the Universities of Rome, Pisa, and Uppsala, the Technical Universities of Lund and Stockholm, and the Nordita at Copenhagen.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Èçäàíèå: 1st editionÃîä èçäàíèÿ: 1968Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 208Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 27.09.2009Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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"Curie's principle" 126 133—138 "Forces and fluxes" 123—127 132 148—149 "Irreversible thermodynamics," linear 91 117—141 148—149 "Laws" of thermodynamics 9—11 13 20 see of "Clausius "Energy balance "Operational" definitions 20 "Proper choice" of variables 129 148—149 "Quasi-static" process 22 Acceleration 26 Acceleration, peculiar 81 Acceleration, wave 59—62 see "Singular Acoustic tensor 73 Acoustics 57—79 Acoustics, classical 57—60 77 Adiabatic expansion 159 Adiabatic process 12 15 18 Affinity, chemical 106 108 Amplitude 62 Amplitude, growth and decay of 77—79 Anisotropic fluids 115 125 Archimedes (b.c. 287—212) 4 Aris, Rutherford Anthony (1929- ) 100 Atomic substances, permanence of 99—102 atoms 99—100 Axioms 5—6 Axioms of mechanics 6—7 25—28 Axioms of mechanics for mixtures 83—86 Axioms of thermodynamics 6—7 9—10 38 Axioms of thermodynamics for mixtures 88—93 Balance for mixtures 85—87 Balance, principles of 26—28 Bird, Robert Byron (1924- ) 125 130 134 138 148 Birkhoff, George David (1884—1944) 4 body 6—8 13 20 25 Body force 14 26 83 Body heating 28 35 83 89—90 Boltzmann's irreversibility lemma 160—161 Boltzmann, Ludwig (1844—1906) 122 155 157 159—163 166 168 172 193 Bound, heating 9—11 19 Bowen's theory of chemical reactions 100—103 Bowen, Ray, M. (1936- ) vii 23 48 49 69 73 87 88 93 94 100 104—106 108 Breuer, Shlomo (1931- ) 58 Buerger, Wolfgang (1931- ) 78 Caloric 29 193—194 Caloric in the kinetic theory 161—162 193—196 see Caloric, growth of 88 118 126 Calorodynamic process 10 104 Calorodynamic process for a mixture 92 Calory 11 29 87 122 123 161 Carleman, Tage Gillis Torsten (1892—1949) 179 Casimir, Hendrik Brugt Gerhard (1909- ) 119—122 125 138 Cauchy's laws of motion 26—27 66 Cauchy, Augustin-Louis (1789—1857) 26—28 119 126 135 151 Causes and effects see "Determinism" Chain rules 46—47 56 67—68 Chapman — Enskog process 166—167 191 Chapman, Sydney (1888- ) 130 131 166 191 Chemical affinity 106—108 Chemical kinetics 100—104 Chemical potentials 90—91 Chemical reactions 99—109 Chen, Peter James (1937- ) 79 Christoffel, Elwin Bruno (1829—1900) 73 Clausius — Duhem inequality 35—37 40 49 58 97 118 164—165 167—168 193 195—196 Clausius — Duhem inequality for mixtures 89 Clausius — Planck Inequality 11 29 Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emmanuel(1822—1888) 4 11 29—31 162 163 Coldness 29 36—37 88 see Coleman's theorem 41—58 Coleman, Bernard David (1930- ) 23 40 43 44 49 50 54—58 64 69 73 77—79 87 98 104—106 108 109 113 115 127 139 141 145 Collision operator 155 163 Collision operator, total 157 Concentration 82 99 Concentration, molar 101 Conductors of heat, definite 76—77 Constant continuation 50 Constant process 50 Constituent of a mixture 82 Constituent space 101 Constitutive axioms, equations, or relations 6 7 10 13—14 37 92 156 192 Continuation see "Constant continuation" "Jump "Linear "Quadratic Continuum mechanics 9 25—28 135 Continuum mechanics of mixtures 81—87 Cowling, Thomas George (1906- ) 130 131 Crawford, Bryce Low, Jr. (1914- ) 134 149 Crystalline symmetries 112—114 142—147 see Curie, Pierre (1859—1906) 114 133 135 136 Curtiss, Charles Francis (1921- ) 125 130 134 138 148 Cyclic process 33 34 Dalton's law 97 Dalton, John (1766—1844) 97 Davies, R.O. 127 Day, William Alan (1942- ) 58 115 de Donder, Theophile Ernest (1872—1957) 100 103 de Groot, Sybren Ruurds (1916- ) 121 122 125 126 131 134 138 139 148 de Laplace, Pierre Simon(1749—1827) 58 73 Decay of waves 77—79 Definite proportions, law of 103 density see "Mass density" "Molecular Descartes, Rene (1596—1650) 120 Determinism 10 13 38 41 93 167 Determinism, effective 13 38 93 see equations or Diffusion 81—109 116—118 125 130—132 Diffusion, Fick's theory 116 Diffusion, Self-balancing 102 Diffusion, velocity 81 Diffusive drags 116 Dilute mixtures 90—91 132 Dissipation inequality, reduced 13 38 42—43 104 Dissipation inequality, reduced, for mixtures 90 Dissipation, axiom of 88 see Dissipation, internal 30—32 34—35 37 48 Distribution function 121—122 see Dominant Solutions 166—167 171 187 Doria, Michael Louis (1939- ) 98 Drag coefficients, diffusive 116 Duhamel, Jean-Marie-Constant (1797—1872) 64 111 114 Duhem, Pierre (1861—1916) 2 32 35 64 73 Dunlop, P.J. 117 Dunwoody, James (1935- ) 77 78 Dunwoody, Norbert Thomas (1932- ) 78 94 Eckart, Carl Henry (1902- ) 39 141 Elasticity 57 74 Energetic 28 Energetic in the kinetic theory 152 Energetic, free 32 41—42 89 Energy, balance of 9 13 27—28 63 86 Energy, flux of see "Heating flux" Energy, free 12 Energy, growth of 84—86 94 Energy, internal 9 27 28 85—86 94 Energy, kinetic 9 27 Enskog, David (1884—1947) 166 191 Enthalpy 33 entropy see "Caloric" "Calory" Equation of state 2 15—18 31 123—124 158 Equilibrium 1 7—8 16 42 50 58 161 Equilibrium site 52 Equilibrium, false 107—108 Equilibrium, local 159 Equilibrium, state 106 123 Equilibrium, strong 107 109 Equilibrium, trend to 172 176—179 see Equipresence 19 38 84 92 105 Equivalence theorem in acoustics 73 Ericksen, Jerald Laverne (1924- ) vii 115 Eringen, Ahmed Cemal (1921- ) 90 93 Euler — Hadamard theory of fluids see "Gas dynamics" Euler's laws of motion 26 Euler, Leonhard (1707—1783) 2 26 57 73 77 155 Experiment 1 20—22 Experiments on diffusion 117 Experiments on heat conduction 114 120—121 Extent of reaction 103 Fading memory 44 51 Falkenhagen, Hans (1895- ) 115 125 Fick, Adolf Eugen (1829—1901) 116 Field equations of continuum mechanics 25—28 86 158 Fields of gross physics 138—139 Fieschi, R. 138 Fluids 2 8 Fluids, anisotropic 115 125 see "Navier "Non-simple "Simple Flux see "Forces and fluxes" "Heating Force in mechanics 6 7 9 21 26 Fourier — Duhamel theory of heat conduction 64 111—114 118—122 124—125 142—147 see Fourier's condition 63 76 Fourier's inequality 34—35 37 76 Fourier, Jean Baptiste Joseph (1768—1830) 28 34 62 64 111 Frame-indifference 92 95 115 119 Free energy see "Energy" Fresnel — Hadamard — Duhem theorem on waves 73 Fresnel, Augustin Jean (1788—1827) 73 Friction, internal see "Dissipation internal" "Navier Friction, linear 18—20 Functionals, constitutive 10 13—14 38—39 Galileo Galilei (1564—1642) 111 Galkin, V.S. (Ãàêèí, Â.Ñ.) 182 Gas dynamics 2 31 74 75 77 Gibbs, Josiah Willard (1839—1903) 108 122 Gosting, Louis Joseph (1921- ) 117 Grad, Harold (1923- ) 88 131 160 166 167 Green, Albert Edward (1912— ) 90 93 Green, W.Anthony 78 Greenberg, James Martin (1940- ) 79 Gronwall, Thomas Hakon (1877- ) 160 Growths 84—86 88 101 Gurtin's theorems 48 53 Gurtin, Morton Edward (1934- ) vii 36 37 40 44 50 55 64 65 71 73 77—79 83 87 95 104—106 114 115 H-Theorem 161—164 193—194 196 Hadamard, Jacques (1865—1963) 2 60 61 73 77 Heat (heating) 9—12 28 Heat (heating), source of 113 Heat conduction see "Experiments" "Fourier Heating bound 9—11 19 Heating flux 28 83 91 152 172—173 176 Heating supply see "Body heating" Hilbert's method in the kinetic theory 166—167 Hilbert, David (1862—1943) 166 Hirschfelder, Joseph Oakland (1911- ) 125 130 134 138 148 History of a function 10 41 Homocaloric 72—76 Homogeneous conductor 112 Homogeneous process 4—20 56—57 Homogeneous velocity field 182 Homothermal 65 72—77 Hugoniot's conditions 62 Hugoniot, Pierre Henri (1851—1887) 2 59 60 62 73 Huygens, Christiaan (1629—1695) 1 Hydrostatics 160 Hyperelastic material 74 Ideal gas 152—153 see Ikenberry's theorem 175 Ikenberry, Ernest (1913- ) 174—176 178 179 184 191 Ingram, J.D. 90 93 Inner parts 83 Instability see "Stability" Insulated 30 Irreversible process 9—10 12 18—19 58 Isocaloric process 12 15 18 32 Isolated 30 Isothermal process 12 33 Isotropy 115 126 130 134—137 Jaumann, Gustav Andreas Johannes (1863—1924) 119 Jouguet, Charles Jacques Emile (1871—1943) 100 Jump discontinuity 47 59—60 Kac, Marc (1914- ) 179 Kelly, Paul Donald (1936- ) 81 82 Kelvin, Lord (William Thomson) (1824—1907) 4 Khinchin, Aleksander Yakolevich (1894—1959) 122 Kinetic theory of gases 129—132 151—190 Kinetic theory of gases, basic definitions 151—153 Kinetics, chemical 100—104 Kirchhoff, Gustav (1824—1887) 28 Kirkwood, John Gamble (1907—1959) 134 149 Kubo, Ryogo (1920- ) 140 Lagrange, Joseph-Louis (1736—1816) 73 Linear continuation 16 45 105 Local equilibrium 159 Locally Maxwellian solution 159 Machlup, S. 119 Magnetic fields 119 124 138 Mass 25 mass density 25 82 Mass fraction 82 92 Mass, conservation of 99 Mass, growth of 84—86 99 Mass-points 5—7 Material symmetry see "Crystalline symmetries" "Isotropy" "Symmetries" Mathematics, role in physical theory 1—2 6 20—21 Maxwell — Boltzmann equation 155 158 165 171 Maxwell's relaxation theorem 172—173 175 187 195 Maxwell's theorem on singular surfaces 61 Maxwell, James Clerk (1831—1879) v 61 88 90 93 116 117 122 129 151 154 155 157—159 163 166 168 169 171—175 177 178 184 187 190 193—195 Maxwellian iteration 191—192 Maxwellian kinetic theory see "Kinetic theory" Maxwellian molecules 172 Mazur, Peter 121 122 125 126 131 133 134 138 139 McKean, Henry Pratt, Jr. (1930- ) 179 Mechanics, classical 5—7 see Meixner's theorem 127—128 Meixner, Josef (1908- ) 127 128 141 149 Microscopic reversibility 119 121—122 Miller, Donald Gabriel (1927- ) 117 121 124 126 149 Minimum energy 43 see Mixtures 81—109 116—118 130—132 Mizel, Victor Julius (1931- ) 40 56 105 Molar concentration 101 Molar growth 101 Molecular density 151 Molecular density, Maxwellian 158 Molecules 99—100 Moment of momentum see "Momentum" Moments of the molecular density 174—179 184 Momentum 26 Momentum, balance of 26—27 62 85—86 Momentum, growth of 84—86 Morgenstern, Dietrich (1924- ) 179 Motion 25 Motion, peculiar 81 Mueller's theory of mixtures 94—98 Mueller, Ingo (1936- ) vii 58 90 94—98 125 131 164 Naghdi, Paul Mansour (1924- ) 90 93 Nariboli, G.A. 77 Navier — Stokes — Fourier theory of fluids 14 31—32 43 63—64 77 115—116 153—154 165 183—184 Navier, Claude-Louis-Marie-Henri (1785—1836) 115 151 169 Neumann, Carl Gottfried (1832—1925) 28 Newton's Third Law 116 Newton, Isaac (1643—1727) 1 21 57 73 120 Noll, Walter (1925- ) vii 23 40 44 50 56 77 83 87 92 95 98 108 109 113 115 119 143—145 188 190 193 Non-conductor of heat 75—76 Non-simple fluids 168 Normal solution see "Dominant solutions" Number density 151 Onat, Emin Turan (1925- ) 58 Onsager relations 119—142 148—149 Onsager relations in the kinetic theory 130—133 Onsager relations, statistical basis of 119—122 126 Onsager relations, their inconsistency for fields 127—129 Onsager, Lars (1903- ) 119—122 125 135 149 Onsagerism (Onsagerist) 120 Onsagerism (Onsagerist) in practice 125 148—149
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