Microbiologists and chemists working at prominent private laboratories in the U.S. review the processes being used to produce drugs injected directly into body tissues, blood vessels, and body compartments; detail specific methods of achieving contamination control over various routes that could bring contaminants into contact with product and processes; and describe techniques for sampling and gauging the microbiological state of critical environments, in-process materials, and final product. Topics of the 23 contributions include pharmaceutical water purification systems, the selection and validation of chemical disinfectants, types of sterile filtration, endotoxin contamination control, and rapid methods of microbial identification.