In this collection experts examine recent research in three subfields: nanodrugs and drug delivery; prostheses and implants; and diagnostics and screening technologies. The contributors compare new capabilities introduced by nanotechnology to traditional methods of release, target and controlled drug delivery in the body. They also consider the challenge of understanding and controlling the biological processes involved upon implantation and discuss nanoscale sensors for biological chemical detection and biodefense. The text concludes with chapters devoted to the social and economic context of nanotechnologies and to their potential risks and possible solutions for those risks.