Rees M.J. — Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe :: Электронная библиотека попечительского совета мехмата МГУ

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Rees M.J. — Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe

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Название: Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe

Автор: Rees M.J.

Аннотация:

The genesis of the universe elegantly explained in a simple theory based on just six numbers by one of the world's most renowned astrophysicists

Язык:

Рубрика: Физика/

Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц

ed2k: ed2k stats

Год издания: 1999

Количество страниц: 192

Добавлена в каталог: 15.03.2009

Операции: Положить на полку | Скопировать ссылку для форума | Скопировать ID

Предметный указатель

$\lambda$ (lambda)      2 100
$\lambda$ (lambda), control of expansion (cosmic repulsion)      2 100
$\lambda$ (lambda), cosmological constant      96—97
$\lambda$ (lambda), decay      154—155
$\lambda$ (lambda), effects of different values      3 99 101—102 155
$\lambda$ (lambda), latent energy of space vacuum      97—98 130 151 153 154—155
$\lambda$ (lambda), non-zero value      97—99 101—102 114 156
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions)      3 134—136 143—145
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), black holes      78 81 82
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), brown dwarfs      77—78 82 105
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), composition      76—83
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), Dark matter      70 73—83 93 114—115
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), deflection of light      75—76
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), detected in clusters of galaxies      76
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), exotic particles      79—81 82
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), gravitational pull of      74—75 96
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), inverse-cube law implied by four dimensions      135 see "Space-time" "Superstring "Time"
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), main contributor to $\Omega$       73 79 126
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), major constituent of universe      83 91 109
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), neutrinos      79—80
$\mathcal{D}$ (spatial dimensions), non-radiating      76
$\mathcal{N}$ (gravitational ratio)      2 27—28 30—31 39 89 130 141 142 153
$\mathcal{Q}$ (ratio of gravitational binding force to rest-mass energy)      3 56 113—114 153
$\mathcal{Q}$ (ratio of gravitational binding force to rest-mass energy), critical value      106 108 115—116 118
$\mathcal{Q}$ (ratio of gravitational binding force to rest-mass energy), determinant of 'ripple' amplitude      107 114—115 127
$\mathcal{Q}$ (ratio of gravitational binding force to rest-mass energy), effects of deviation from critical value      114—116
$\mathcal{Q}$ (ratio of gravitational binding force to rest-mass energy), input to computer models of virtual universes      109
$\mathcal{Q}$ (ratio of gravitational binding force to rest-mass energy), measure of gravity weakness in major structures      106
$\Omega$ (omega, ratio of actual to critical density of matter in universe)      73 87 124 126 153 156
$\Omega$ (omega, ratio of actual to critical density of matter in universe), effects of deviation from value of unity      2 86—90 100 114
$\Omega$ (omega, ratio of actual to critical density of matter in universe), exotic particles      79—80 83
$\Omega$ (omega, ratio of actual to critical density of matter in universe), supernova cosmology project      94—95
$\varepsilon$ (nuclear fusion efficiency)      47—51 52 81 84 89 153
$\varepsilon$ (nuclear fusion efficiency), effects of differing values      48—51 153
$\varepsilon$ (nuclear fusion efficiency), strength of nuclear forces      2 125 126
Andromeda galaxy      53 61
Andromeda galaxy, collision with Milky Way galaxy      71 100
Angels and Devils (Escher)      60
Antimatter      47 83—86
Antimatter, energy released on annihilation      84
Antimatter, matter-antimatter asymmetry      84—86 123 139
Arrow of time      see "Time"
Asteroids      15 18
Atomic structure      5 21 27—28 43—44 49
Atomic structure, electrons      5 21 27—28 47
Atomic structure, isotopes      44
Atomic structure, neutrons      44 47—50
Atomic structure, nuclei      5 43—44 48 50
Atomic structure, protons      21 27—28 43—44 47—50
Atomic structure, strong (nuclear) interaction      48 49 52 121 122 143
Atoms, contribution to $\Omega$       73 78—79 122 130
Atoms, created in early Big Bang      66
Atoms, created in supernovae explosions      43 45
Atoms, decay rate      86 101
Atoms, heavier elements less abundant in older stars      46
Atoms, minority constituent of universe      83 109
Atoms, Periodic table      43—45 50
Atoms, quantum effects      5
Atoms, stellar transmutation to heavier elements      8—9 44—45
Atoms, uniform throughout universe      10—11 21 42
Axions      81
Bekenstein, Jacob      145—146
Beryllium      50
big bang      9 78
Big bang theory      10—11 67—68 117 123 see
Big Bang, 'ripples' in early stages      56 106 107 114—115 127—128 151
Big Bang, conversion of photons to neutrinos      79
Big Bang, cosmic repulsion in early stages      124—125
Big Bang, deuterium      69—70 78 119—120
Big Bang, first stars      117
Big Bang, helium created from hydrogen      69—70 127 139
Big Bang, matter-antimatter asymmetry      84—86 139
Big Bang, non-uniform densities      107
Big Bang, primordial radiation shifts into infrared      121
Big Bang, temperature drop      66—67 70 107
Big Bang, timescale      2 8—9 30—31
Biological evolution      17 115
Biosphere      16 22—23
Biosphere, development of intelligence      18—19
Biosphere, elements formed in supernovae      43
Biosphere, evolution of      10 18—19
Black body radiation      65
Black holes      3 35—39 115 139
Black holes at atomic scale (primordial)      39 81 101 130 146 154
Black holes at galactic centres      36 38 53
Black holes entropy      146
Black holes in quasars      112—13
Black holes radiation      101 146
Black holes, binary systems with ordinary stars      35
Black holes, collision and coalescence      132
Black holes, constituent of dark matter      78 81
Black holes, decay rate      101
Black holes, developed from superstars      112
Black holes, Einstein's hostility to      98—99
Black holes, enveloped by surface      37
Black holes, gamma-ray bursts      35—36
Black holes, size proportional to mass      36
Black holes, spinning      36 37 112
Black holes, standardized objects      36 150
Black holes, temperature      146
Black holes, time dilation      37
Bruno, Giordano      19
Carbon      9 44—45 46
Carbon, isotopes of      44
Carbon, transmutation to oxygen      50
Cosmic Background Explorer Satellite (СОВЕ)      65—66 107—108 117
Cosmic environment, microwave background      65—67 80 98
Cosmic environment, sensitivity to cosmic numbers      22—23 48—51
Cosmic environment, uniformity of      10—11 21 42
Cosmic numbers ( $\mathcal{N}$ , $\varepsilon$ , $\Omega$ , $\lambda$ , $\mathcal{Q}$ , $\mathcal{D}$ )      2—4
Cosmic numbers ( $\mathcal{N}$ , $\varepsilon$ , $\Omega$ , $\lambda$ , $\mathcal{Q}$ , $\mathcal{D}$ ) fine tuning      4 22—23 48—51 86—90 114—116 124 148—161 see
Cosmic rays      80
Cronin, James      85
Cubic Space Division (Escher)      57 58
Deuterium (heavy hydrogen)      49 82
Deuterium (heavy hydrogen), abundance      112 118 123
Deuterium (heavy hydrogen), atomic structure      69
Deuterium (heavy hydrogen), created in Big Bang      69—70 78
Deuterium (heavy hydrogen), detected in distant galaxies      78—79 112
Dinosaurs, exterminated by asteroid impact      15 18
Doppler effect      14 15 57 59
Doppler effect, gas orbiting black holes      113
Doppler effect, stars orbiting barycentre      14
Earth, age of      40
Earth, asteroid impacts      15 18
Earth, atmosphere      16
Earth, destruction by expanding Sun      41 71—72
Eddington, Arthur      29—30
Einstein, Albert, $E = mc^{2}$ (rest-mass energy)      34 47 83
Einstein, Albert, cosmological constant ( $\lambda$ )      96
Einstein, Albert, hostile to concept of black holes      99
Einstein, Albert, search for unification of gravity and electromagnetism      121
Einstein, Albert, Special Theory of Relativity      62
Einstein, Albert, theory of general relativity      31—32 35 36 38 96 98 101 112 145
entropy      104 146
Faraday, Michael      120 121 129 135
Feynman, Richard      22 146 159
Fitch, Val      85
Fractals      54—55
Friedman, Jerome      122
Galactic and stellar spectra, red-shifted      14 15 57—59 62
Galaxies, Andromeda      53 61
Galaxies, black holes at centre of      36 38 53
Galaxies, cannibalism      92 112
Galaxies, clusters and superclusters      53 55 75—76 106 110 122
Galaxies, clusters seeded by 'ripples' in early Big Bang      56 114—115 151
Galaxies, collisions      53—54 71
Galaxies, dark matter      74—75
Galaxies, disc shaped      53
Galaxies, distant galaxies viewed in early evolutionary stages      60—62 92 99 107 112

Galaxies, Elliptical      53 54
Galaxies, evolution      60—63 64 92 110—111
Galaxies, gravitational lenses      76
Galaxies, local group      53 54 100
Galaxies, Virgo Cluster      54 see "Stars" "Stellar
Galileo      26—27 160
Gamma-ray bursts      35—36
Gamow, George      69 96
Gell-Mann, Murray      124
Glashow, Sheldon      121
Gravitational lensing, brown dwarfs revealed by      77—78 82
Gravitational lensing, dark matter in galactic clusters      75—76
Gravity      24—39 121
Gravity and black holes      34—39
Gravity and neutron stars      34—35
Gravity in virtual universes (computer simulations)      109 110 112 113—114
Gravity, amplification of small primordial density differences      105—106 138
Gravity, balanced by internal pressure of stellar cores      25 41 104
Gravity, effect on light      32—34 35 37
Gravity, effects of differing values of $\mathcal{N}$       2 30—31 154
Gravity, effects on animal sizes      26—27 30
Gravity, escape velocities      34
Gravity, gravitational potential energy      131
Gravity, gravitational radiation      101
Gravity, indistinguishable from accelerated motion      38
Gravity, Newton's inverse-square law      10 24—25 75 106 135
Gravity, pull exerted by dark matter      74—75 96
Gravity, ratio to atomic electric charges $\mathcal{N}$       2 27—28 30—31 89
Gravity, self-gravity      29
Gravity, singularities      37 38
Gravity, strength of      27 30—31 89 106 130 142 153
Gravity, tidal forces in black holes      38
Gravity, time dilation near large masses      34 37
Guth, Alan      124 129
Hawking, Stephen      143 146
Helium, atomic structure      49
Helium, produced from hydrogen in Big Bang      69—70 139
Helium, product of hydrogen fusion      41 44 46 47—48
Helium, transmutation to heavier elements      47 50
Helium, uniform abundance in primordial objects      69 117
Hoyle, Fred      50 67—68 69
Hubble Space Telescope (HST)      61 63 76
Hubble, Edwin      57 65
Hydrogen, atomic structure      21 27—28
Hydrogen, conversion to heavier elements      2 9 41 44—45 68—69
Hydrogen, sensitivity to value of $\varepsilon$       49
Hydrogen, stellar fuel      44—45 47—48
Hydrogen, transmutation to helium      41
Inflationary universe theory      123—133 150—151
Inflationary universe theory, cosmic repulsion in very early Big Bang      124—125
Inflationary universe theory, exponential expansion      125
Inflationary universe theory, flat universe      126 150—151
Inflationary universe theory, gravitational waves      128
Inflationary universe theory, new inflationary episodes within black holes      130 133
Inflationary universe theory, size of universe      132—133
Inflationary universe theory, tests of theory      126—128
Intelligence, extraterrestial, assumed rarity of      18—19
Intelligence, extraterrestial, common culture      22
Intelligence, extraterrestial, communications based on ratios of physical constants      21—23
Intelligence, extraterrestial, methods of detection      20
Intelligence, extraterrestial, search for (SETI)      20—21
Iron      44—46 68
Jupiter, composition      46
Jupiter, effects of self-gravity      29
Jupiter, possibility of life on moons      17—18
Jupiter, Sun-Jupiter system rotation about barycentre      13—14
Kaluza, Theodor      143—144
Kelvin, William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin      40
Kendall, Henry      122
Kerr, Roy      36
Kirschner, Robert      55
Klein, Oscar      143—144
Large Hadron Collider      120
Linde, Andrei      124 133 151
LISA project (Laser Interferometric Space Array)      128
Lowell, Percival      19—20
Magnetic monopoles      129
Mandelbrot set      148 149
Mars, canals      19—20
Mars, canals, search for life      17
Maxwell, James Clark      120 121 129
Mayor, Michel      14
Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP)      108 127
Microwave background radiation      65—67 80 139
Microwave background radiation, black body spectrum      65 108 117
Microwave background radiation, non-repetitive distribution      140
Microwave background radiation, non-uniform distribution      98 107—108 119
Microwave background radiation, residue of Big Bang      65 98
Milky Way      53 71 100
Multiverses      11 23 133 150—161
Neutrinos      48 79 118 121
Neutrinos, Kamiokande experiment      80
Neutrinos, non-zero mass      80 82 118
Neutrinos, possible dark matter component      79—80 82
Neutrinos, ratio to atoms      79
Neutron stars      34
Newton, Sir Isaac      10 31—32
Newton, Sir Isaac, inverse-square law of gravity      24—25 34 42 75 106 156
Nuclear fusion      41 44 46 47—48
Nuclear fusion, efficiency ( $\varepsilon$ )      47—48
Nuclear fusion, rest-mass energy      47
Ouraborus      7—8 161
Oxygen      9 17 44—46 50
Paley, William      135—136 149
Particle physics, antiparticles      83—84
Particle physics, asymmetric particle decay(neutral kaon $K^{0}$ )      85
Particle physics, electromagnetism, linked to weak force      121 122 143
Particle physics, electrons      5 21 27—28 47
Particle physics, gluons      122 143
Particle physics, grand unified theories (GUT)      89 97 122—123
Particle physics, laws applicable throughout universe      10—11 21 42 158
Particle physics, neutrinos      see "Neutrinos"
Particle physics, neutrons      44 47—50 121
Particle physics, nuclei      43—44 48 50 121
Particle physics, protons      21 27—28 43—44 47—50 121 123
Particle physics, protons and antiprotons      83
Particle physics, quarks      122 143
Particle physics, quarks and antiquarks      83 85
Particle Physics, Standard Model      122
Particle physics, strong (nuclear) interaction      47—48 49 52 121 122 143
Particle physics, super-symmetry      81
Particle physics, weak force      85 121 143 see "Atoms" "Superstring
Periodic table      43—45
Periodic table, effect of different values for $\varepsilon$       50—51
Perlmutter, Saul      94—95
Photons (quanta of radiation), density in universe      66 79 85
Photons (quanta of radiation), insignificant gravitational effects      80
Planck's constant      141
Planck, Max      141
Planck-Surveyor spacecraft      108 127—128
Planetary systems, detection      13—16
Planetary systems, formation      12—13
Planetary systems, search for      16
Planetary systems, unstable among close-packed stars      115
Planetary systems, unstable if gravity followed inverse-cube law      135—136
Principia (Newton)      25
Quantum 'foam'      6 142 154
Quantum gravity      140—143
Quantum gravity in black hole singularities      142—143
Quantum gravity in early Big Bang      142
Quantum theory, Planck length      141 142 143—144
Quantum theory, Planck time      141 142
Quantum theory, Planck's constant      141
Quasars      39 92 110 112—113
Queloz, Didier      14
Quintessence      42
Radio transmissions      20
Relativity, general theory of      31—32 35 36 38 96 98 101 112 145
Relativity, general theory of, built into superstring theory      145 see Albert"
Sakharov, Andrei      84—85 139

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