Sustainable development of groundwater resources is a key environmental and social issue for the future. To manage groundwater resources sustainably it is necessary to include protection of springs, river flows and water levels dependent on groundwater discharges, while concurrently maintaining abstractions for water supply and economic benefit. Obtaining this balance between human and environmental needs, and protecting valuable groundwater resources from over-explotation and pollution, presents a challenge to hydrogeologists that is reflected in the approaches and case studies contained in this volume.