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Kravens T.E. — Physic of Solar System Plasmas
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Íàçâàíèå: Physic of Solar System PlasmasÀâòîð: Kravens T.E. Àííîòàöèÿ: Physics of Solar System Plasmas provides a comprehensive introduction to the plasma physics and magnetohydrodynamics that are needed to study the solar wind and magnetosphere. The text includes a broad introduction to plasma physics, including important discussions of kinetic theory, single particle motion, magnetohydrodynamics, geomagnetically trapped energetic particles and the physics of magnetic reconnection. This leads into a thorough description of the Sun and the solar wind, and, finally, the author addresses magnetospheric physics. Among the topics covered here are magnetospheric morphology, bow shocks, magnetospheric convection and electrical currents, substorms, ionospheric physics, magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, auroral physics and the interaction of the solar wind with the planets. Problem sets at the end of each chapter make this a useful text for advanced undergraduate students in astrophysics, geophysics, or atmospheric sciences. Graduate students and researchers will also find it a valuable source of information.
ßçûê: Ðóáðèêà: Ôèçèêà /Ñòàòóñ ïðåäìåòíîãî óêàçàòåëÿ: Ãîòîâ óêàçàòåëü ñ íîìåðàìè ñòðàíèö ed2k: ed2k stats Ãîä èçäàíèÿ: 1997Êîëè÷åñòâî ñòðàíèö: 477Äîáàâëåíà â êàòàëîã: 17.03.2008Îïåðàöèè: Ïîëîæèòü íà ïîëêó |
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Ïðåäìåòíûé óêàçàòåëü
76 49 381 383 443 Adiabatic invariants 54—61 Adiabatic invariants, first 54—57 Adiabatic invariants, second (or longitudinal) 60 64 Adiabatic invariants, third 65 Adiabatic temperature gradient (or lapse rate) 166—167 Alfven waves 128—133 Ambipolar diffusion 118—121 293—294 Ambipolar electric field 99—100 Ampere's law 34 109 278 464 Anomalous cosmic rays 261 Anomalous resistivity 143 153—154 356 Archimede's law 156 Atmosphere, neutral 285—286 see Aurora 7 360 398 426—432 Aurora, electrical currents 428—431 Aurora, electron spectrum 431 Aurora, emissions 432 Auroral oval 347 426—427 Axford, W.I. 348 Bernoulli's equation 32 123 194—195 Betatron acceleration 56—57 453 Biermann, l. 4 Birkeland currents see "Field-aligned currents" Birkeland, Kristian 4 Blackbody radiation 176—177 Boltzmann equation 9 11—13 Bounce period 60 64 Bow shock 6 314 329—334 Brunt — Vaeisaelae frequency 169—170 Carrington, Richard 3—4 Chapman, Sydney 5 Charge density 34 102 Chemistry see "Collisions" Chromosphere 173 Cleft see "Cusp" Collision frequency 27—28 295 Collision less Boltzmann equation see "Vlasov equation" Collisions 26—28 Collisions, charge-transfer 28 67 Collisions, chemical 22 291—293 296—302 Collisions, Coulomb (electron-electron, electron-ion) 28 68 Collisions, energy transfer 33—34 Collisions, ion-neutral 27 120 307 326 Collisions, ionizing 177—179 266 432 Collisions, momentum transfer 27 Collisions, nuclear 161—162 Comets, bow shock 314 Comets, coma 302 Comets, diamagnetic cavity 314 325 Comets, ionosphere 302—303 Comets, nucleus 263 301—302 Comets, solar wind interaction with 273 314—327 Comets, tails of 302 314 323 Contact discontinuity 137 Continuity equation 19—22 Continuity equation, charge 102 Continuity equation, single-fluid 102 196 Continuity equation, two-fluid 90 Convection electric field 350 369 415—416 424—425 438 Convection zone, solar 160 165—168 Convection, plasma see "Ionosphere and magnetosphere" Convective derivative 13—14 Corona, coronal holes 181 240 Corona, density 210—211 Corona, flares 186—188 Corona, force/momentum balance in 210—213 Corona, heat conduction in 193—194 Corona, magnetic field in 213—220 Corona, mass ejections from 184 186—188 Corona, potential field model of 213—220 Corona, properties 179—181 Corona, solar 3—4 173 191—194 Corona, temperatures in 179—180 Corona, x-ray image of 4 Coronal mass ejections 184 186—188 243—245 Corotating interaction regions (CIR) 242 260 Corotation 390—394 438—439 446 Corotation electric field 391 438—439 Cosmic rays, anomalous 261 Cosmic rays, galactic 255 258—261 Cosmic rays, solar 261—263 Cross-L shell diffusion 85—87 452—453 Current see "Electrical current" Current density 101 306 371—372 381 408 471 Current sheet/layer 114 278 466 Current sheet/layer, heliospheric 241 Curvature drift 53—54 64—65 Cusp 344—345 397 Cyclotron frequency see "Gyrofrequency" Cyclotron radius see "Gyrorodius" Debye length 37—38 180 Debye shielding 35—39 density 11 98 101 Diffusion time 80 87 256 Diffusion, ambipolur 118—121 157 243—244 Diffusion, energy 80—81 319 Diffusion, ion 337 Diffusion, magnetic 104 107 191 313 Diffusion, pitch-angle 69 80—85 255—258 318—319 Diffusive separation 286—287 Dipole magnetic field 61—63 275—276 Dipole magnetic field, charged particle motion in 63—65 Dipole magnetic field, Earth, of the 61—63 Dipole magnetic field, image 279—280 Dipole magnetic field, planets, of the 271 280—282 Dipole magnetic field, solar 217—219 Dispersion relation, acoustic/buoyancy waves 170 Dispersion relation, Alfven waves 130—131 Dispersion relation, electromagnetic waves 93 154 Dispersion relation, magnetosonic waves 133 158 Dispersion relation, plasma/Langmuir waves 93—98 Dispersion relation, sound/ion-acoustic waves 126 Distribution function 10—11 257 Distribution function, electrons in solar wind 250 Distribution function, gyrotropic 79 Distribution function, isotropic 59 Distribution function, loss cone 60 66 Distribution function, Maxwell — Boltzmann 12 14—17 40 Distribution function, ring-beam 317 Distribution function, shell 318 Dungey, james 348 Dynamic pressure 121 211 274 312 Dynamo theory 171—173 Election temperature 34 37 41—42 249—251 295 312 401 Electrical conductivity 103—104 303—309 Electrical conductivity, Hall 307—309 Electrical conductivity, parallel 307 Electrical conductivity, Pederson 307—309 372 417 446 Electrical currents, auroral 428—430 Electrical currents, cross-tail 345 402—403 Electrical currents, diamagnetic 114 411 Electrical currents, field-aligned 304—306 371—372 Electrical currents, Hall 304—306 372 380—381 Electrical currents, ionosphere-magnetosphere coupling 401—415 Electrical currents, ionospheric 114—115 412—413 417 422—423 Electrical currents, magnetopause 275—276 402—403 Electrical currents, Pederson 372 380—381 417 Electrical currents, Region 1 system 403—408 Electrical currents, Region 2 system 408—416 Electrical currents, ring 74—75 448—451 Electron density 36 90 93—94 101 113—115 249—251 294 312 397 401 Electrostatic potential see "Potential" Energy conservation for electromagnetism 470—472 energy equation 29—34 Energy equation, collision terms/cooling 30—32 338 Energy equation, local balance 33—34 Energy equation, MHD 121—123 Energy equation, polytropic 32 Enthalpy 30 Equation of state 29 162 Exospheric temperature 286 Faraday's law 34 56 104 423—425 464—465 Fermi acceleration 61 319 Field-aligned currents 347 371—373 408 416—418 429—430 Fluid conservation equations see "Fluid theory" Fluid theory 9 19—35 90—91 101 Flux ropes 116—117 311 Flux, frozen-in magnetic 104—106 Galactic cosmic rays 258—261 Gas flow, steady, one-dimensional 195—203 Gauss's law 34—35 93—94 464—465 Generalized ohm's law 98—104 303—306 Geomagnetic field 6 61—62 Geomagnetic indices 435 Geomagnetic storms 76—77 435 Geopause 397—401 Gradient B drift 51—53 64—65 Gravity waves, internal 169—170 Group velocity/speed 93 98 470 Guiding center 51 Gyrofrequency 44—46 64 81 305 Gyroradius 46 153 356 367—368 Heat conduction equation 33 41 193 Heat flux 19 31 193 Heliopause 253—254 Helioscismology 168—171 Heliosphere 252—255 Heliospheric current sheet 236—241 Hydrostatic balance 111—113 162 286 294 Incompressible fluid 22 353—354 Induction equation, magnetic 104—105 124 171 Induction equation, rotating reference frame, for 221—223 Internal energy 29—30 Interplanetary magnetic field 209—228 Interplanetary magnetic field, magnitude of 228 Interplanetary magnetic field, MHD waves in 246—248 Interplanetary magnetic field, Parker spiral 225—228 Interplanetary magnetic field, source surface for 213 Interplanetary magnetic field, turbulence in 246—249 Interstellar medium, very local (VLISM) 252—255 Invariant latitude 62—63 Io plasma torus 440—442 446—449 Ion-acoustic waves see "Sound waves" Ion-neutral collisions 27—28 67 120 Ion/proton temperature 234 294—295 335 338 401 442 Ionization, collisional see "Collisions" Ionization, photoionization 177—179 289—292 Ionopause 114—115 310 Ionosphere 7 284—309 Ionosphere of Jupiter 299—300 445—446 Ionosphere of Titan 301 Ionosphere of Venus 298—299 Ionosphere, ambipolar diffusion in 118—121 293—295 337 Ionosphere, Chapman layer 291 Ionosphere, cometary 301—302 Ionosphere, conservation equations for 292—296 Ionosphere, convection in polar cap 387—388 Ionosphere, electrical conductivity in 303—309 Ionosphere, formation of 289—292 Ionosphere, photochemical equilibrium for 293 Ionosphere, terrestrial 112—113 296—298 Joselyn, J. 436 Jovian magnetosphere, azimuthal force balance 444—445 Jovian magnetosphere, composition 440—441 Jovian magnetosphere, corotarion of 446—447 Jovian magnetosphere, dynamics of 443—444 Jovian magnetosphere, electrical currents in 445—449 Jovian magnetosphere, magnetopause of 282—284 Jovian magnetosphere, plasma transport in 452—453 Jovian magnetosphere, plasmasheet 283 449—452 Kinetic theory 9—35 Krook collision term 12 L-shell 62—63 L-shell for outer planets 439 Langmuir oscillations/waves see "Plasma oscillations/waves" Laplace's equation 214—215 468 Larmor frequency see "Gyrofrequency" Larnior radius see "Gyrogradius" Laval nozzle 198—203 Lorentz force 1—2 12 24 43 464 Lunar wake 327—329 Mach number, Alvenic 131—132 355 358 Mach number, magneto sonic 134 Mach number, sonic 127—128 Magnetic barrier 310—311 314 325 Magnetic bottle 59—61 Magnetic convection-diffusion 104—108 Magnetic flux ropes see "Flux ropes" Magnetic mirror 57—58 63 magnetic moment 47—49 56 58 Magnetic pressure 109—110 113—115 183 210—211 254 275 312 Magnetic reconnection/merging 143—154 Magnetic reconnection/merging, anomalous resistivity in 143 153—154 356 Magnetic reconnection/merging, diffusion region for 148 150—153 Magnetic reconnection/merging, energy balance for 149—151 Magnetic reconnection/merging, flux transfer events from 364—366 Magnetic reconnection/merging, magnetotail, in 359 Magnetic reconnection/merging, Petschek — Sonnerup model of 149 355 Magnetic reconnection/merging, rate of 149 353 356 Magnetic reconnection/merging, Sweet — Parker model of 148 152 Magnetic reconnection/merging, terrestrial magnetopause, at 350—365 Magnetic reconnection/merging, transient 364—365 Magnetic reconnection/merging, x-line in 148—154 361 Magnetic Reynolds number 105 146 355 Magnetic tension/curvature force 110 Magnetization current 74 Magnetohydrodynamics see "MHD" Magnetopause 6 273—284 Magnetopause, Earth, location of 273—280 Magnetopause, Mercury, location of 280—282 Magnetopause, outer planets, location of 282—284 Magnetopause, reconnection at 350—365 Magnetopause, thickness and structure 365—369 Magnetosheath 6 335—336 Magnetosonic waves 133—134 Magnetosphere 5—7 343—348 Magnetosphere, closed model of 348 Magnetosphere, convection in 383—390 Magnetosphere, coupling to ionosphere 401—415 Magnetosphere, electrical currents in 401—418 Magnetosphere, energy input into 357—364 Magnetosphere, Jupiter, of 440—453 Magnetosphere, MHD models of 433—434 Magnetosphere, morphology of 344—348 Magnetosphere, open model of 346—356 384—390 Magnetosphere, outer planets, of 436—440 Magnetosphere, plasma parameters, typical 401 Magnetosphere, plasma sources for 396—401 Magnetosphere, substorms in 418—422 Magnetospheric electric field see "Convection electric field" Magnetotail 6 345—347 422—424 mass density 101 353—354 Mass-loading 25 319—321 Maxwell — Boltzmann distribution function see "Maxwellian distribution function" Maxwell's equations 34 464—466 Maxwellian distribution function 12 15—17 40 Maxwellian distribution function, equilibrium form 16—17 36 Mcllwaine L-shell see "L-shell" MHD equations 108—109 370—371 MHD, discontinuities 135—141 MHD, electrical current description of 369—383 MHD, energy balance in 382—383 MHD, energy relation 121—123 MHD, field-aligned currents in 371—373 MHD, force-free equilibrium 116 MHD, momentum/stress balance 110 121 373—383 MHD, numerical models of 424 433—434 MHD, reconnection in 143—154
Ðåêëàìà
index of geomagnetic activity 
drift 
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