The CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Guide prepares you to pass the CCIE written exam. This book covers all necessary objectives for the exam with a tutorial text that is strictly exam-related and flows with minimal interruption. Key concepts are the only "notes" set apart from the text by special formatting. This series is designed to for use with or without outside instruction. Study aids begin with the Chapter Opener, which readies you for learning. To help you fully understand the topic, visual cues are used liberally throughout the book. Diagrams put concepts into a visual form that aids in retaining and comprehending, and figures confirm your understanding of procedures. This book also provides additional information, such as addresses for on-line help and supplemental sample tests, testing locations, test-taking tips and strategies, and emotional preparation.