A electrical engineer long associated with the Indian Institute of Technology, Bahl examines radio-frequency and microwave circuit elements—among them inductors, capacitors, resistors, and transformers—as they are being used to develop low-cost front-end systems in conjunction with holes, airbridges, and crossovers. He discusses materials; fabrication; analysis; design; modeling; and practical physical, electrical, and thermal considerations. He also explores fabrication technologies for the lumped elements in several types of circuits, monolithic integrated CMOS, and micromachining.