The rise of China in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century is undoubtedly one of the greatest developments remaking the world we live in. China’s extraordinary and unprecedented economic growth in the recent past, its rapid catch-up in science and technology, and its increasingly robust projection of power on the geopolitical stage are shifting the global balance. In November 2012, at the opening of an exhibition in Beijing called the “Road to Renewal,” China’s president Xi Jinping spoke for the first time about the “China Dream” (Zhongguo meng), which he described as “realizing the great renewal of the Chinese nation.”1 The exhibition told the story of China’s twentieth-century recovery from the humiliations of the past that started with its defeats in the Opium Wars of the nineteenth century at the hands of Western imperialists.