The one hundredth anniversary of the death of Theodor Herzl (1860-1904) in 2004 was marked by numerous public and scholarly activities in Israel, Europe, and elsewhere internationally. This anniversary provided a timely opportunity to reassess his career, writings, and their reception utilizing a wide range of different approaches and methodologies. There have been fundamental shifts in the way Herzl has been viewed over the course of the last century. There are several reasons which might explain these shifts that go beyond the normal changes and innovations in critical methodologies and analysis during this time period. Following the realization of Herzl's goal, that is, the demonstrable success of political Zionism signalized by the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, it became clear that Herzl, the Utopian visionary and activist, may have been more prescient than many of his contemporary and subsequent antagonists had surmised. It is fair to say that his Zionist writings, for example, Der Judenstaat (1896) and Altneuland (1902) generated as much controversy and opposition within Jewry as did his political and diplomatic activities, the creation of the World Zionist Organization under his leadership, and the inauguration of what is called in Zionist historiography Congress Zionism. Also, Herzl's understanding of antisemitism was proven, unfortunately, to be quite cogent, not only by the horrific tragedy of the Nazi genocide against European Jewry, but also by the continuation of vicious antisemitism after the Shoah into the 21st centuiy, especially in Europe.