Over the last 15 years, theories integrating ecosystem and spatial dynamics have quickly coalesced into metaecosystem theories. Ecosystem dynamics, going back to the work of Odum [135], refers to the cycling of matter and energy across ecological compartments through processes such as consumption and recycling. Spatial dynamics established its ecological roots with island biogeography and metapopula- tion theories, and focuses on scaling up local ecological processes through the limited movement of individuals and matter. This book presents current meta-ecosystem models and their derivation from classic ecosystem and metapopulation theories. We show how the interaction between the cycling and movement of matter is a ubiquitous property of natural ecosystems and has far reaching implications for the coexistence of species, ecosystem productivity, and their response to stresses and environmental change.