The “Conference Rome 2013. Empires and Nations” was an important event that gathered scholars from all over the world and the Italian working group of PRIN (Progetto di Rilevante Interesse Nazionale— Project of Relevant National Interest), which was approved and financed by the Italian Ministry of Education. The project included works of original archive researches and study opportunities during which the exchange of suggestions encouraged the deepening of historical subjects whose importance recently has been revived. The PRIN project lasted two years (2012–13) and engaged a significant number of scholars who focused their attention on two turning points in the history of international systems: the Congress of Vienna of 1815 and the Congress of Paris of 1919. The first was based on the concept of restoration that had to avoid the “dangerous” ideological, political and social mechanisms placed by the French Revolution and spread by Napoleon’s expansionism; the second was considered, more than a peace, a compromise between the United States, Great Britain and France.