Many people have contributed to the completion of this project and I would like to
acknowledge my gratitude to them.
I am immeasurably indebted to Dolores Greenberg for her intellectual guidance and
constructive suggestions when the project started. I would like to express my sincere
appreciation to Thomas Kessner for his critical comments. I also want to extend my thanks to
Pyong Gap Min for his helpful advice and inspiration.
I am grateful to other professors and to my friends for their knowledgeable suggestions and
emotional support, particularly Susan Newman, Duane Tananbaum, Hans Trefousse, Carol
Gee, Binita Mehta, Pia Mukherji, Lori Lohman, and Kathy Johnson. I am indebted to the
librarians and staff at the Mina Rees Library of the Graduate School of CUNY for their
professional assistance in my research. I also owe special gratitude to the archivists at the
Union Theological Seminary, the Municipal Archives of New York City, and the Museum of
Chinese in America in New York’s Chinatown, who made it possible for me to explore the
materials needed for my research.
My gratitude also goes to my colleagues who offered advice and constructive suggestions
when the project was being transformed into the book. I would like to express my heartfelt
thanks to James Llana for his generous support. The project could never have been completed
without those who provided help. My thanks also go to the anonymous reviewers, who
endorsed the manuscript enthusiastically while making useful suggestions. I am deeply grateful
to Julie E. Kirsch, editorial director, and Joseph Parry of Lexington Books for their efficiency
and editorial suggestions.
My deepest thanks and appreciation go to my family and relatives and for their support,
especially my daughter, Jie, and her husband, Adam Cataldo, whose academic achievements
inspired me in a special way