Tribology is a multidisciplinary science that encompasses mechanical engineer- ing, materials science, surface engineering (surface coating, surface modification, and surface topography analysis), lubricants, and additives chemistry. Earlier, the tribology – rubbing science – was seen as an emergent and very challenging topic because it brings together different aspects as principles of friction, lubrication, and wear. The knowledge of tribology science was applied first about 3500 BC at a basic level for moving stone in which water was used as a lubricant in order to reduce fric- tion and protect the materials surface, finally leading to reduced wear. Nowadays, the science of tribology is used very broadly and covers the field of metal, polymer, ceramics, and a combination of composites with tremendous applications. To further help the research community and industry environment to be informed with the lat- est advancement, the proposed book will provide an update of all different materials pairs used in tribological contact in a widespread way. Leading researchers from industry, academia, government, and private research institutions across the globe will benefit from knowledge provided by this book, which is highly application- oriented. Moreover, it provides a cutting-edge research from around the globe on the tribology field. Current status, trends, future directions, opportunities, etc., are discussed in detail, making it friendly for young researchers too. Further, this part of the book is focused mainly on providing a provide a systematic and comprehensive account of the recent progress in lubrication and nanobio tribology.