Nutritional therapy, once a cornerstone of medical treatment, has lost its attractivity in favor of drug treatment, molecular genetic interventions or other high-tech therapies. As a consequence, data about nutritional status or dietary habits are missing in many patient charts. This development reflects the opinion of many doctors that nutrition does not greatly affect the course of diseases, and that nutri- tional intervention is laborious but much less effective than other forms of therapy. In view of this trend, it seems interesting to analyze the importance of nutrition in different dieseases.
Of course, it is well accepted that nutrition is an important factor for the therapy and prognosis in several diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, obesity or hemochromatosis. However, the most basic nutritional disturbance – malnutrition – is frequently ignored since it is considered as a complication of the disease process, with little bearing on the prognosis and little possibility for therapeut- ic intervention. However, an analysis of the literature reveals that malnutrition is an independent risk factor in many disease processes and that treatment of malnutrition can indeed improve the patients’ prognosis.