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| Carlson N.R. — Physiology of Behavior |
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| Предметный указатель |
Neocortex 81
Neocortex, and emotional responses 347—350
Neocortex, and perceptual learning 492
Neomycin, and auditory hair cell damage 211
Neostigmine 111
Neostigmine, effect on acetylcholinergic synapses 112t
Neostriatum 113 453 453f
Neoteny 19
Neoteny, in evolution of human skull 19f
Nephrons 375 375f
Nermo-Lindquist E. 390
Nerve cells See Neurons
Nerve(s) 29 29f
Nerve(s), and message transmission 9
Nerve(s), doctrine of specific energies 10
Nerve(s), messages of, interpretation of 10
Nerve(s), speed of conduction through 11
Nerve(s), surgical repair of 37—38
Nervous system 63—95
Nervous system, basic features of 64—72
Nervous system, major divisions of 66f
Nervous system, relation to rest of body 67f
Nervous system, terms associated with 64—66
Nesting behavior 333 333f
Nestler E.J. 593
Neumann C. 537
Neumeister A. 554
Neural activity, recording 144—150
Neural activity, stimulating 150—152
Neural communication 34—35
Neural communication, between neurons 49—62
Neural communication, between neurons, nonsynaptic 60—61
Neural communication, between neurons, synaptic 50—60
Neural communication, within neuron 39—49
Neural connections, tracing 138—141
Neural connections, tracing, anterograde labeling method 139—140 140f 141f 142f
Neural connections, tracing, retrograde labeling method 140—141 141f 142f
Neural integration 58 59f
Neural tube 72 72f
Neuraxis 64
Neuroglia (glia) 35—37
Neuroglia (glia), development of 74
Neurology 22
Neuromas 227
Neuromodulators 50 51
Neuromodulators, localizing 154
Neuromodulators, measuring 149—150
Neuromodulators, nucleoside 127—128
Neuromuscular junction 245
Neurons 28—34
Neurons, basic structure of 28f 28—30
Neurons, bipolar 28 29 29f
Neurons, communication See Neural communication
Neurons, development of 74 75
Neurons, hormone receptors in 50
Neurons, internal structure of 30—34 31f
Neurons, motor 27
Neurons, multipolar 28 28f 29
Neurons, regenerative properties of 37—38
Neurons, scanning—electron micrograph of 138f
Neurons, sensory 27
Neurons, supporting cells of 35—38
Neurons, unipolar 28—29 29f
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) 298 410 421t
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), multiple effects of 410—411
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), role in anorexia 420
Neuropeptide Y neurons, agouti-related protein (ARP) in 417
Neuropeptide Y neurons, connections of 411f
Neuropeptide Y neurons, leptin receptors in 411—412 412f
Neuroscience 22
Neurosecretory cells 84 85f
Neurotransmitter(s) 29 109—128 See
Neurotransmitter(s), amino acids 121—125
Neurotransmitter(s), autoreceptors for 59
Neurotransmitter(s), drugs affecting 105 106f 107—108
Neurotransmitter(s), in brain 109
Neurotransmitter(s), in brain, localizing 154—155 155f
Neurotransmitter(s), in brain, measuring 149—150
Neurotransmitter(s), limiting of dispersion of 36
Neurotransmitter(s), lipid 126—127
Neurotransmitter(s), peptide 125—126
Neurotransmitter(s), peptide, involved in eating 421t—422t
Neurotransmitter(s), release of 50 52f 52—53 53f
Neurotransmitter(s), release of, regulation of 59 60f
Neurotransmitter(s), reuptake of 57 58f
Neurotransmitter(s), reuptake of, drugs affecting 106f 107—108
Neurotransmitter(s), soluble gases 128
Neurotransmitter(s), supersensitivity to 534
Neurotransmitter-dependent ion channels 54—56 55f
Neurotransmitter-dependent ion channels, major types of 56 57f
Newcombe.F. 192 518
Newman S.W. 315 328—329
Ngai J. 238
Nichelli P. 507
Nicholl C.S. 20
Nicholls P. 417
Nicolaidis S. 383—384 399 413
NicolLR.A. 125 228 437
Nicotine 597—598
Nicotine, addiction, treatment for 607 608f
Nicotine, effect on acetyicholinergic synapses 112f
Nicotinic receptors 112 113
Nielsen J.M. 350
Nielsen M.K. 415
Night terrors (pavor nocturnus) 295
Nightmares 275
Nigrostriatal system 113
Nigrostriatal system, overactivity of neurons in 531
Nigrostriatal system, role in reinforcement 458
Niijima A. 399
Niiyama Y. 269
Nilsson O.G. 491
Nimiety 418
Nisell M. 598
Niskanen P. 537
Nissen R. 379
Nissl, Franz 137
Nitric oxide (NO) 128
Nitric oxide (NO), in long—term potentiation 438
Nitric oxide synthase 128 438
Nitroglycerine, administration of 99
NMDA receptors 121 122—123 123f 431
NMDA receptors, and classical conditioning 451—452
NMDA receptors, and long-term depression 439
NMDA receptors, and long-term potentiation 431—434 433f
NMDA receptors, disruption of, and schizophrenia symptoms 541—542
NMDA receptors, effect of alcohol on 600
NMDA, effect on glutamate receptors 123f
NMDA-R2B 489—490
NO See Nitric oxide
Nobler M.S. 551
Nociceptors 224—225
Node of Ranvier 36 37f 47—418
Noirot E. 334
Nomikos G.G. 598
Nomura M. 386
Non-REM sleep 273
Noncompetitive binding 105—106 107f
Nondedarative memory 472—473
Nondedarative memory tasks, examples of 474f
Nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) 415
Nonogaki K. 413
Noradrenalin See Norepinephrine
Noradrenergic neurons 118 118f
Noradrenergic neurons, and arousal 284—285 285f
Noradrenergic neurons, and REM sleep 145—146 291—292 292f
Noradrenergic neurons, drugs affecting 119f
Noradrenergic receptors 118
Norepinephrine (NE) 109 117—118
Norepinephrine (NE), and arousal 284—285
| Norepinephrine (NE), and hippocampal functions, modulation of 490
Norepinephrine (NE), and REM sleep 291—292
Norepinephrine (NE), as stress hormone 570
Norepinephrine (NE), biosynthesis of 113 114f 117
Norepinephrine (NE), secretion of 93
Norgren R. 234—235 406
North R.A. 592
Nose H. 382
Nouns, anomia for 510
Novin D. 398 400 403
Nowlis G.H. 235
NPY SeeNeuropeptideY
Nucleolus 30
Nucleosides 127—128
Nucleus accumbens 113—114 458 458f
Nucleus accumbens, and reinforcement 458 459 462—464
Nucleus accumbens, dopamine release by, alcohol and 599
Nucleus accumbens, dopamine release by, cocainefamphetamine and 595—596 596f
Nucleus accumbens, dopamine release by, nicotine and 597 598f
Nucleus accumbens, dopamine release by, opiates and 592
Nucleus accumbens, dopamine release by, role of dynorphin in 597f
Nucleus accumbens, dopamine release by, THC and 601 602f
Nucleus accumbens, in schizophrenic patients 532—533
Nucleus accumbens, nicotine receptors in 597—598
Nucleus basalis 448
Nucleus basalis, and emotional response 342f
Nucleus of the solitary tract 234 384 386
Nucleus of the solitary tract, and hunger signals 406—407 407f 411
Nucleus of the solitary tract, nutrient receptors in 400
Nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi) 329
Nucleus paragigantocellularis (PGi), and male sexual behavior 329 330f
Nucleus raphe magnus 228 229
Nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis, and emotional response 342f
Nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) 289
Nucleus, of neuron 30 31f
Nucleusfnuclei (collection of neurons) 83 See
Nucleusfnuclei (collection of neurons), cerebellar 265 266f
Nucleusfnuclei (collection of neurons), hypothalamic 84f 147
Nucleusfnuclei (collection of neurons), of amygdala 340 341 341f
Nucleusfnuclei (collection of neurons), thalamic 83 260 261f
Numan M. 335—336
Nunez A.A. 297
Nuwayser E.S. 608
Nyby J.G. 329
Nystagmus 218
O Scalaidhe S.P.O. 445
O'Brien C.P. 608
O'Callaghan E. 539
O'Carroll R. 368
O'Connell R.J. 317
O'Connor M. 481
O'Dell T.J. 438
O'Keefe J. 341 484
O'Mara S.M. 488
Oaknin S. 315 328
ob mouse 404 404f 405 416
Obesity 414—419
Obesity, possible causes of 414—417
Obesity, treatments for 415 417—419
Object-memory retrieval task 443 443f
Object-memory retrieval task, brain region activated by 444f
Obler L.K. 498
Observational learning 427
Obsessions 560 56If
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) 560—564
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and emotional recognition 355
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), treatment of 563—564
Obstructive hydrocephalus 71
Obstructive hydrocephalus, surgical correction of 71 71f
Occipital lobe 79 80f
OCD See Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Ocular apraxia 197
Ocular dominance 181
Ocular dominance, orientation sensitivity and 182f 183
Oculomotor nerve 92f
Odor(s), as pheromones 317—319
Odor(s), perception of 238—240 239f
Odorants 236
Ogawa S. 330
Ohta M. 289
Okubo Y. 541
Olds J. 357 457
Olds M.E. 457 459
Olds, James 457
Oleic acid 394
Oleksenko A.I. 282
Oleshansky M. 546
Olfaction 236—240
Olfaction, anatomy of olfactory apparatus 236—237 237f
Olfaction, and maternal behavior 334
Olfaction, and sexual behavior 318—319
Olfaction, coding of 238—240 239f
Olfaction, split brain and 5 6f
Olfaction, stimulus for 236
Olfaction, transduction of olfactory information 237—238
Olfactory bulb 69f 91 236 237f 238f
Olfactory epithelium 236
Olfactory glomerulus 236 238f
Olfactory glomerulus, and perception of specific odors 238—239
Olfactory nerve 92f
Oliet S.H. 379
Oligodendrocytes 36—37 37f
Olivocochlear bundle 209 212
Olmstead M.C. 592
Olney J.W. 477
Olson C.T. 186
Olster D.H. 316
Olton D.S. 482—483 490
Ongilr D. 551
Onychophagia 564
Operant conditioning See Instrumental conditioning
Ophthalmoscope 11
Opiate blockers 593
Opiate receptors 591 592f
Opiate(s) 125—126 591—594
Opiate(s), addiction, treatment for 606
Opiate(s), effects of 97 101
Opiate(s), effects of, neural basis of 345 591—593
Opiate(s), lipid solubility of 100
Opiate(s), reinforcing effects of 591—593
Opiate(s), withdrawal effects of 593—594
Opioids See Endogenous opioids
Opponent colors 172
Opsin 166
Optic ataxia 196
Optic chiasm 84 84f 169 169f
Optic disk 164
Optic flow 194
Optic nerve 69f 92f 164 164f
Oral administration 98
Orban G.A. 188
Orbitofrontal cortex 237 347 347f
Orbitofrontal cortex, damage to, effects of 347
Orbitofrontal cortex, functions of 349
Orbitofrontal cortex, in obsessive-compulsive patients 562
Orbits 162
Orexin 294 408—409 421t
Orexin A 408
Orexin B 409
Orexin neurons, connections of 410f
Orexin neurons, inhibition of, CART and 412
Orexin neurons, location of 409f
Organ of Corti 203 204f 212
Organ of Corti, scanning electron photomicrograph of 206f
Organic anions 42—43 43f
Organic senses 221
Organizational effect, of hormones 306
Organizational effect, of hormones, on aggressive behavior 365 365f 366
Organizational effect, of hormones, on sexual behavior 316f 316—317
Organophosphates, effects on sleep 153 288
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