This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics, WABI 2010, held in Liverpool, UK, in September 2010. The 30 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 83 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on biomolecular structure: RNA, protein and molecular comparison; comparative genomics; haplotype and genotype analysis; high-throughput data analysis: next generation sequencing and flow cytometry; networks; phylogenetics; and sequences, strings and motifs.