Today, the power consumption of integrated circuits and of systems on chip is considered a significant problem for high-performance chips, as well as for portable devices. This book covers most of the low-power design techniques used today-including MOS devices and technologies, logic circuits, processors and memories, systems on chip, embedded software, CAD tools, and energy sources. Many different domains and disciplines are addressed to give readers a complete picture of what impacts power consumption. The book also provides an insightful look into what specialists in the field predict for the future of nanotechnologies, optical circuits, e-textiles, and human powered sources of energy. Also discusses the future - exp. Nanotechnologies, optical circuits, ad-hoc networks, e-textiles, and human powered sources of energy.