The essence of a major revolution in cell physiology — the first since the cell was recognized as the basic unit of life a century and a half ago — is presented and alternative theories are discussed in this text. Although the conventional membrane-pump theory is still being taught, another theory of the living cell, called the association-induction hypothesis, has been proposed. It has successfully withstood twenty-five years of worldwide testing and has already generated an enhancing diagnostic tool of great power, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This volume is intended for teachers, students and researchers of biology and medicine.