Direct-write technologies are the most recent and novel approaches to the
fabrication of electronic and sensor devices, as well as integrated power
sources, whose sizes range from the meso- to the nanoscales. The term
direct write refers to any technique or process capable of depositing, dispensing,
or processing different types of materials over various surfaces following a
preset pattern or layout. The ability to accomplish both pattern and material
transfer processes simultaneously represents a paradigm shift away from the
traditional approach for device manufacturing based on lithographic techniques.
However, the fundamental concept of direct writing is not new. Every
piece of handwriting, for instance, is the result of a direct-write process
whereby ink or lead is transferred from a pen, or pencil onto paper in a
pattern directed by our hands. The immense power and potential of direct
writing lies in its ability to transfer and/or process any type of material over
any surface with extreme precision resulting in a functional structure or
working device