This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the First International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics, WABI 2001, held in Aarhus, Denmark, in August 2001. The 23 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from more than 50 submissions. Among the issues addressed are exact and approximate algorithms for genomics, sequence analysis, gene and signal recognition, alignment, molecular evolution, structure determination or prediction, gene expression and gene networks, proteomics, functional genomics, and drug design; methodological topics from algorithmics; high-performance approaches to hard computational problems in bioinformatics.