Target discovery is a field that has existed for several years but is so vibrant
today because of the recent progress in our understanding of the molecular
mechanisms of many human diseases and the technical advances in target
identification and validation. More sophisticated gene profiling technologies,
such as DNA microarrays and serial analysis of gene expression, permit rapid
identification of lead targets. Moreover, analysis of gene networks in living
organisms allows the identification of target genes that operate in defined
physiological pathways. With the sequencing of several genomes completed
and the rapidly growing gene expression databases, there is now greater
impetus than ever before for in silico discovery of therapeutic targets. Also,
recent advances in genetic technologies have increased our ability to generate
mouse models for human diseases. The implications of these genetically
modified animals in drug development are several, including identification of
new drug targets, predicting efficacy, and uncovering possible side effects.
Together, these recent technical advances should allow researchers to make
the most informed choice early and advance the chosen targets toward clinical
studies