This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Inductive Logic Programming, ILP 2006, held in Santiago de Compostela, Spain, in August 2006.

The 27 revised full papers presented together with 5 invited papers and the extended abstracts of 7 special issue papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 77 initial submissions. The papers address all current topics in inductive logic programming, ranging from theoretical and methodological issues to advanced applications in various areas, thus presenting original results on all aspects of learning in logic, as well as multi-relational data mining and learning, statistical relational learning, graph and tree mining, and learning in other (non-propositional) logic-based knowledge representation frameworks.