This book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th RECOMB International Satellite Workshop on Comparative Genomics, RECOMB-CG 2009, Budapest, Hungary, in September 2009.

This workshop is devoted to bringing together scientists working on all aspects of comparative genomics, from computer scientists, mathematicians and statisticians working on novel computational approaches for genome analysis and comparison, to biologists applying these computational tools to study the structure and the evolution of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes.

The 19 papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 31 submissions. The papers illustrate the crucial role of comparative genomics in understanding genome function and address a broad variety of aspects, ranging from the inference of evolution in genetic regulatory networks to the divergent fates of gene and genome duplication events and to the importance of new computational approaches to unraveling the structural evolution of genomes.