This book describes the user-focused action evaluation approach for evaluating health programmes, policies and changes. It shows that evidence for making decisions can be gathered using a broader range of methods than is usually recognised in healthcare. In asking "evaluation for whom and for what?", the book defines validity of evidence in relation to usefulness as well as in terms of whether systematic methods were followed. Managers, practitioners, policy makers, researchers and students should find this a practical and readable book. It gives the tools to make sense of an evaluation quickly, as well as guidance for carrying one out, and ensuring that evaluators gather evidence which can be used for better informed decisions.