Hyperbolic and kinetic equations arise in a large variety of industrial problems. For this reason, the Summer Mathematical Research Center on Scientific Computing and its Applications (CEMRACS), held at the Center of International Research in Mathematics (CIRM) in Luminy, was devoted to this topic. During a six-week period, junior and senior researchers worked full time on several projects proposed by industry and academia. Most of this work was completed later on, and the present book reflects these results. The articles address modelling issues as well as the development and comparisons of numerical methods in different situations. The applications include multi-phase flows, plasma physics, quantum particle dynamics, radiative transfer, sprays, and aeroacoustics. The text is aimed at researchers and engineers interested in applications arising from modelling and numerical simulation of hyperbolic and kinetic problems. A publication of the European Mathematical Society. Distributed within the Americas by the American Mathematical Society.