The updated 2nd edition of this book presents a variety of image analysis applications, reviews their precise mathematics and shows how to discretize them. For the mathematical community, the book shows the contribution of mathematics to this domain, and highlights unsolved theoretical questions. For the computer vision community, it presents a clear, self-contained and global overview of the mathematics involved in image procesing problems. The second edition offers a review of progress in image processing applications covered by the PDE framework, and updates the existing material. The book also provides programming tools for creating simulations with minimal effort.