This reference provides a review of enzyme functions in human and animal health. It covers basic principles and applications in antibiotic biosynthesis, biocatalysis, and screening and assay optimization, as well as new and emerging technologies in the biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. Emphasizing modern methods of metabolic engineering and drug discovery processes, the book details enzyme targets related to human disease. It also discusses effective enzymatic assays, high-throughput screening, novel compounds for lead generation, improvements in antibiotic yield, and the generation of contemporary protein products.