This book and its sister volume constitute the proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2010, held in Shanghai, China, June 6-9, 2010. The 170 revised full papers of Part I and Part II were carefully selected from 591 submissions and focus on topics such as SVM and Kernel Methods, Vision and Image, Data Mining and Text Analysis, BCI and Brain Imaging and its applications. The first volume, Part I (LNCS 6063) covers the following topics: Neuropysiological Foundation, Theory and Models, Learning and Inference, and Nerodynamics.