A consideration of several different examples sheds new light on the problem of ereat- ing reliable, well-structured programs that behave efficiently. This study focuses largely on two issues: (a) improved syntax for iterations and error exits, making it possible to write a larger class of programs clearly and efficiently without go to state- ments; (b) a methodology of program design, beginning with readable and correct, but possibly inefficient programs that are systematically transformed if necessary into efficient and correct, but possibly less readable code. The discussion brings out op- posing points of view about whether or not go to statements should be abolished; some merit is found on both sides of this question. Fina!ly, an attempt is made to define the true nature of structured programming, and to recommend fruitful direc- tions for further study