Since the early 1990s, the United States has been concerned about the diversion of expertise and sensitive information from the nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) weapons complexes of the former Soviet Union (FSU). It has established a number of important programs to address the threat of NBC weapons proliferation. Several of these programs are managed by the Russian Transition Initiative (RTI) in the Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nonproliferation and Arms Control. As part of its recent strategic planning process, RTI engaged the RAND Corporation to reassess the dangers that its programs are designed to curtail.