This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed post-workshop proceedings of the First WICI International Workshop on Web Intelligence meets Brain Informatics, WImBI 2006, which was held in Beijing, China, in December 2006. The WICI (International WIC Institute) is an international, open-educational research organization of the Web Intelligence Consortium (WIC). The institute is affiliated with Beijing University of Technology (BJUT). The 26 revised full-length papers presented together with 3 introductory lectures are all invited post-workshop contributions that have been carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in this state-of-the-art survey. The workshop explores a new perspective of Web Intelligence (WI) research from the viewpoint of Brain Informatics (BI) - a new interdisciplinary field to systematically study human information processing mechanisms from both macro and micro points of view by cooperatively using experimental cognitive neuroscience and advanced WI-centric information technology. The workshop was the first in the field to focus on the interplay between intelligent technologies, especially in the context of Web Intelligence, and studies on human intelligence as explored in neuroscience, cognitive psychology, and brain science instrumentation. After the propaedeutic contributions to the new emerging field the papers are organized in topical sections on the synergy of Web Intelligence and Brain Informatics; cognitive science, neuroscience, and brain informatics; and Web Intelligence applications.