This is the fourth independent evaluation by the World Bank of the Aga Khan Rural Support Program (AKRSP) in northern Pakistan. This book assesses the development outcome of both the Aga Khan Rural Support Program since the program's initiation in 1982 as well as the 5-year period since the last evaluation in 1995. It concentrates on four program components—community organizations, infrastructure development, natural resource management, and microfinance. The methods used in this evaluation consist primarily of group and individual discussions in a sample of 24 villages chosen to represent a spread of village types and capacities.