Two-port memory, a memory system that supports a simultaneous READ and WRITE 243
Ullman, J.D. 369
Ultracomputer see "NYU Ultracomputer"
Underflow, a state in which a nonzero number becomes too small to be represented in a number system 172
Unimodal, having a single mode (maximum or minimum) 366
University of Manchester 25
Unlock, a primitive operation that performs the inverse of a Lock by granting processors access to a critical section 308 318 343 349—353 357 359 378
Varga, R.S. 189 379
Vector arithmetic, arithmetic operations whose operands are vectors of data 234—236
Vector computer, a computer whose instructions include instructions for vector arithmetic 233—374
Vector computer, generic 234—348
Vector instruction, an instruction whose operands are vectors 29 178 234—235 275
Vector processor, a computing device, not necessarily a full computer, capable of operating on vectors as basic data structures 264—266 281
Vector processor, attached to host computer 261—266
Vector processor, data-structuring techniques for 253—261
Vector register, a high-speed register in a vector processor that holds a vector operand 244—245
Vector, a data structure that consists of an ordered set of elements 117
Very large-scale integration see "VLSI"
Virtual address, the address of an item as produced by a program before the address is mapped into physical (real) memory 70 75—79 81 165—167
Virtual memory, a memory system in which addresses produced by programs lie in an address space that is not the address space of physical (real) memory so that all such addresses must be translated to physical addresses prior to access. In such a system, portions of programs and data can be freely moved among the levels of a hierarchical memory, and brought into physical memory only when actually needed 22 26 28 69—94 96—97 165—168
Virtual memory, buffering effects 90—94
Virtual memory, evaluation of 73
Virtual memory, locality 81—84
Virtual memory, management of 72—73 81
| Virtual memory, mapping 74—81
Virtual memory, replacement policy 84—90
VLSI (Very Large-Scale Integration), a manufacturing process that uses a fixed number of manufacturing steps to produce all components and interconnections for hundreds of devices each with millions of transistors 2 6 13—14 20 164 169—170 225 226 228 303
Voldman, J. 58
von Neumann 21 103
von Neumann bottleneck, the notion that the data path between the processor and memory of a von Neumann computer is the facet that most constrains performance of such a computer 21
Vuillemin, J. 225
Wallace, C.C. 171
Waser, S. 172
Weather modeling 12
Weingarten, D. 269
Wilkes, M.V. 29
Window (of working set), the time period during which accesses made by a program determine the contents of its working set 86—87 89
Wolfe, M.J. 375 377
Working set, a model of program behavior that says that the future references made by a program with high probability belong to a set of addresses recently referenced, of 85—87 89—91 96—97
Workload 37 40 73 180
Write-back cache see "Write-in cache"
Write-in cache, a cache in which WRITEs to memory are stored in cache and written to memory only when a rewritten item is removed from cache 68
Write-through cache, a cache in which WRITEs to memory are recorded concurrently both in cache and in main memory 68
WRITE/READ conflict 113—115 161 376—377 379 382 386 see
WRITE/WRITE conflict 113—115 161 376—377 386 see
Xi-Cheng, L. 283 290
XOR (Exclusive OR operation) 203
Yew, P.C. 315
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