This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed postproceedings of the 16th Italian Workshop on Neural Nets, WIRN 2005, as well as the satellite International Workshop on Natural and Artificial Immune Systems, NAIS 2005, held in Vietri sul Mare, Italy in June 2005.

The 41 revised papers presented together with a lecture by the winner of the Premio Caianiello award were carefully reviewed and improved during two rounds of selection and refereeing. The papers are organized in topical sections on models of neural networks, architectures and algorithms, signal processing, and pattern recognition, methodologies and applications of fuzzy and neurofuzzy computing, natural immune systems, and artificial immune systems.