This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Traffic Monitoring and Analysis, TMA 2010, held in Zurich, Switzerland, on April 7, 2010 - colocated with PAM 2010, the 11th Passive and Active Measurement conference. The workshop is an initiative from the COST Action IC0703 "Data Traffic Monitoring and Analysis: Theory, Techniques, Tools and Applications for the Future Networks". The 14 papers contained in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 34 submissions. They encompass research areas related to traffic analysis and classification, measurements, topology, discovery, detection of specific applications and events, packet inspection, and traffic inference. The papers are organized in topical sections on analysis of internet datasets, tools for traffic analysis and monitoring, traffic classification, and performance measurements.