More than 70% of all cancer deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries, where resources available for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer are limited or nonexistent. Yet cancer is to a large extent avoidable. Over 40% of all cancers can be prevented. Some of the most common cancers are curable if detected early and treated. Even with late cancer, the suffering of patients can be relieved with good palliative care. Cancer Control: Knowledge into Action, WHO Guide for Effective Programs is a series of six modules offering guidance on all important aspects of effective cancer control planning and implementation. This sixth module on Policy and Advocacy shows decision makers and program managers how to advocate for policy development and effective program implementation of cancer control.