This book is a state-of-the-art review on the Physics of Emergence. The challenge of complexity is to focus on the description levels of the observer in context-dependent situations. Emergence is not only an heuristic approach to complexity, but it also urges us to face a much deeper question — what do we think is fundamental in the physical world? This volume provides significant and pioneering contributions based on rigorous physical and mathematical approaches — with particular reference to the syntax of Quantum Physics and Quantum Field Theory — dealing with the bridge-laws and their limitations between Physics and Biology, without failing to discuss the involved epistemological features. Physics of Emergence and Organization is an interdisciplinary source of reference for students and experts whose interests cross over to complexity issues. Contents: Emergence and Computation at the Edge of Classical and Quantum Systems (I Licata); Gauge Generalized Principle for Complex Systems (G Resconi); Phase Transitions in Biological Matter (E Pessa); The Dissipative Quantum Model of Brain and Laboratory Observations (W J Freeman & G Vitiello); Turing Systems: A General Model for Complex Patterns in Nature (R A Barrio); Primordial Evolution in the Finitary Process Soup (O G?¶rnerup & J P Crutchfield); Order in the Nothing: Autopoiesis and the Organizational Characterization of the Living (L Bich & L Damiano); How Uncertain is Uncertainty? (T Vamos); and other papers.