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Clarke C.L.A., Cormack G.V. — Information Retrieval: Implementing and Evaluating Search Engines
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Название: Information Retrieval: Implementing and Evaluating Search EnginesАвторы: Clarke C.L.A., Cormack G.V. Аннотация: Information retrieval is the foundation for modern search engines. This textbook offers an introduction to the core topics underlying modern search technologies, including algorithms, data structures, indexing, retrieval, and evaluation. The emphasis is on implementation and experimentation; each chapter includes exercises and suggestions for student projects. Wumpus, a multi-user open-source information retrieval system developed by one of the authors and available online, provides model implementations and a basis for student work.
Язык: Рубрика: Технология /Статус предметного указателя: Готов указатель с номерами страниц ed2k: ed2k stats Год издания: 2010Количество страниц: 632Добавлена в каталог: 18.06.2014Операции: Положить на полку |
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Heap 128 141 184 Hidden Markov model 306 Hidden Web 511 HITS algorithm 532—534 554 Holdout validation 383 Holistic twig joins 585 Home page finding 539 Host crowding 493 HTML 9 525 567 HTML anchor 277 536 HTML body 277 HTML header 277 Huffman code 181—185 189 200 Huffman code, canonical 184—185 199 201 Huffman code, length-limited 185 201 209 Hungarian 94 Hybrid index maintenance 238—239 Hyperlinks 9 HyperText Markup Language see "HTML" Hypothesis test 427—429 IDF see "Inverse document frequency" IE see "Information extraction" Impact ordering 153 494 Implicit user feedback 526 535 540 555 In-degree 509 Incremental crawling 547 Independence assumption 261 Index block size 116 Index construction 118—131 Index construction, in-memory 119—125 Index construction, merge-based 127—131 229 Index construction, sort-based 125—127 Index construction, two-pass 123 Index partition 127 228 240 471 488 Index pruning 153—160 495 Index types 46—51 Index updates, distributed 490 Index updates, incremental 231—242 Index updates, non-incremental 243—251 Indexable Web 511 Indexing time 105 Indri 27—28 Inex 565 579 INEX, CAS task 579 INEX, CO task 579 infAP 449—450 Inference network model 280 Inferred average precision see "infAP" Information extraction 5 Information gain 366 Information need 5 Informational query 514 Inner product 55 Insert-at-back heuristic 121 Inter-query parallelism 488 Interactive search and judging 443 Interpolative coding 202—204 213 223 Intra-query parallelism 489 494 Intranet 511 Invalidation list 243—244 Inverse document frequency 57 264 581 inverted index 33 Inverted index, docid 49 Inverted index, frequency 49 Inverted index, positional 49 Inverted index, schema-dependent 48 Inverted index, schema-independent 33 48 49 Irish 94 Italian 94 95 Japanese 95 98 JavaScript 13 Jelinek — Mercer smoothing 291 295 Jump vector (PageRank) 523 Kendall's 445 Kendall's notation 474 Kendall, David 474 Kendall, Maurice 445 Kernel trick 358 KL divergence see "Kullback — Leibler divergence" Korean 95 Kullback — Leibler divergence 156 286 296 527 Lam 328 Landmark-diff 252 Language model 17—23 Language modeling 258 286 287—298 Laplace's law of succession 301 Laplace, Pierre-Simon 298 latency 8 470 Latent Semantic Analysis 78 Lazy evaluation 244 Learning , on-line 337 Learning , semi-supervised 336 Learning , supervised 336 Learning , transductive 336 Learning , unsupervised 337 Learning to rank 312 376 394—400 Learning, incremental 337 Legal search 46 Lemma 87 Lemmatization 87 Length normalization see "Document length normalization" LETOR 399 Lexeme 87 LFU 482 Lightweight structure 160—168 Likelihood ratio 333 341 Linear classifier 349 Link analysis 517—534 554 Link function 356 Linked list 122 Linked list, unrolled 123 124 130 List compression, batched 196 List compression, global 195 List compression, local 195 210 ListNet 399 Little's Law 475 476 Little, John 475 LLRUN 200—201 209 212 253 LLRUN-k 202 LOG 422 Log-odds 260 Logical document structure 11 Logistic regression 346 383 389 Logistic regression, gradient descent 348 Logistic regression, multicategory 392 logit 260 422 Logit average 328 Long tail 480 513 Lookup table 208 Lovins stemmer 97 LRU 482 LSA 78 Lucene 27 m-cover 303 M/M/1 queueing model 475—477 Macbeth 9 33 290 508 567 577 Machine learning 312 336 Macro-average 322 MAP 71—74 137 409 444 447 584 MapReduce 498—503 Markov chain 23 529 Markov chain, aperiodic 529 Markov chain, continuous 475 Markov chain, irreducible 529 Markov chain, periodic 529 Markov model 21—23 362 Maximal marginal relevance 461 493 Maximum likelihood 17 289 297 MaxScore 143—145 491 Mean average precision see "MAP" Mean reciprocal rank see "MRR" Mean, arithmetic 44 68 409 Mean, geometric 44 409 Mean, harmonic 68 Mean, weighted harmonic 68 Merge operation, cascaded 126 129 Merge operation, multiway 126 128 241 Meta-analysis 415 439—441 Metalanguage 11 Metasearch 380 Micro-average 322 Microsoft Office 13 Monty Python's Flying Circus 78 Morphology 86 Move-to-front heuristic 121 Move-to-front pooling 444 MRR 322 409 539 Multicategory classification 388—394 Multicategory ranking 388—394 N 48 N-gram 92—93 95 96 Naieve Bayes 334 Named page finding 538 Navigational query 513 539 nDCG 451—453 538 Near-duplicate Web page 549 New Oxford English Dictionary 160 169 NEXI 564 572—573 NeXT 33 nextDoc 49 NIST 23 No Merge 232 233 Nonparametric code 192—195 216 Normal distribution 417 Normalized Discounted Cumulative Gain see "nDCG" Novelty 455—460 537 549 NTCIR 98 nugget 459 Null hypothesis 427 Obama, Barack 441 515 OCR 97 see Odds 333 Odds ratio 333 ODP see "Open Directory Project" Offset 48 Okapi BM25 see "BM25" Okapi BM25F see "BM25F" Omega code see " On-line indexing see "Index updates" Open Directory Project 526 547 Open source 27 Open Source IR Systems 27—28 Optical Character Recognition 4 85 Order-preserving 260 Orthography 94 Out-degree 509 Overfitting 338 349 Overlap 580 p-value 426 Package-Merge 185 PageRank 105 517—532 554 PageRank, focused 526 PageRank, personalized 526 PageRank, topic-oriented 526 Parametric code 195—201 216 Passage retrieval 302—305 Path expressions 571 PCA 554 PDF 11 Pearson, Karl 427 Per-term index 112 133 Perceptron algorithm 352—353 357 Perron — Frobenius theorem 530 Phrase search 35—39 111 Physical document structure 11 Pike, Rob 97 Pinyin 96 Pivoted document length normalization 78 Poisson distribution 267—268 473 548 Poisson, Simeon Denis 268 Polish 94 Pooling (TREC) 73—75 411 441 443—448 Popper, Karl Raimund 427 Population 414 Porter stemmer 87 Porter, Martin 87 95 Portuguese 94 Position tree see "Suffix tree" Positional index 49 Postings list 33 110—114 161 PostScript 11 Power 406 434—438 Power method 530 PPM 190 Pre-allocation factor 123 Pre-allocation, proportional 123 236 Preamble 184 186 212 223 PRECISION 67—68 318 328 407 Precision at k documents 69 408 Precision of measurement 413 Precision, interpolated 70 Prefix query 106 110 113 133 Prefix-free 178 prev 33 prevDoc 49 PRF see "Pseudo-relevance feedback" Principal component analysis 554 Prior odds 334 Probabilistic model 258 Probability density function 341 417 473 Probability density function, cumulative 417 probability distribution see "Distribution" Probability Ranking Principle 8 259 287 Proper binary tree 179 Prosecutor's fallacy 332 Proximity ranking see "Term proximity" PRP see "Probability Ranking Principle" Pseudo-frequencies 279 Pseudo-relevance feedback 131 156 275—277 469 qrels 24 411 441 443 Query 6 Query abandonment 540 Query arrival rate 473 Query drift 277 Query execution plan 244 Query expansion 273 297 Query log 98 472 480 513 Query processing, document-at-a-time 139—145 Query processing, term-at-a-time 145—151 493 Query processing, top-k 142—145 Query reformulation 540 Query term frequency 271 Query time 105 Question answering 5 302 457 Queue discipline 474 478 Queueing theory 472—477 Random access 35 111 116 196 216 Random error 413 Range encoding 223 Rank effectiveness 454 Rank-biased precision 461 Rank-equivalent 260 Rank-preserving 260 RankBoost 399 RankEff 454 RankSVM 399 realloc 123 124 Recall 67—68 88 138 318 328 407 Recall-precision curve 70 Receptionist 490
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